High-efficient particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo model for complex solution domain andsimulation of anode layer ion source

Abstract

Plasma simulation is important to study the plasma discharge systematically, especially for the anode layer ion source which has the complex geometrical characteristics of the discharge structures. However, owing to the complex solution domain formed by the geometric profile of the anode and cathode, the traditional simulation models show extremely small computational efficiency and poor convergence. This paper presents a separated simulation for the ion source structure and the plasma discharge, respectively, where the cathode geometric parameters (including the size, the shape and the relative position of the inner and outer cathodes) are simplified to two magnetic mirror parameters (the magnetic mirror ratio <i>R</i><sub>m</sub> and the magnetic induction intensity at the center of the magnetic mirror <b><i>B</i></b> <sub>0</sub>) firstly and a high-efficient particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collision (PIC/MCC) model is established to improve the computational efficiency and stability of the plasma simulation later. As a result, the convergence time of the plasma simulation is shortened significantly from 1 μs to 0.45 μs, and by which the influences of the geometrical characteristics of the discharge structure on the plasma properties are systematically studied. The simulation results reveal that magnetic mirror with <i>R</i><sub>m</sub>=2.50 and <b><i>B</i></b> <sub>0</sub>=36 mT can constraint the plasma at the centre zone between the inner and outer cathode. When the discharge center of the plasma is consistent with the magnetic mirror center, the anode layer ion source presents both high density output of ion beam current and significantly reduced cathode etching, suggesting the best balance obtained between the output and cathode etching.

Dominance of Topography on Vegetation Dynamics in the Mt. Qomolangma National Nature Reserve: A UMAP and PLS-SEM Analysis

“…Unfortunately, human activities negatively influenced the growth of vegetation in the reserve in 2005 and 2010 due to the expansion of urban areas. To reduce the damages caused by human activities, several ecological policies including prohibiting grazing and offering reward-compensation mechanisms for herdsmen [139] were implemented by the local government. Thus, the regional livestock growth trend reversed from an increase to a decrease around 2009, with a sharp decline since 2010.…”