High electrical conductivity waterborne inks for textile printing

Ali, Muhammad; Lin, Long; Cartridge, D. J.

doi:10.1007/s11998-019-00214-5

Cited by 9 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Wearable electronics, such as fitness trackers, are increasingly being used within the sport, fitness and health industries to improve our health, wellbeing and athletic performance [ 1 ]. However, many of these devices are based upon conventional electronics manufactured upon rigid silicone boards which can make garments uncomfortable and impractical for many uses [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. For the large scale uptake of wearable e-textile technologies, devices must be lightweight, mechanically robust, durable, capable of withstanding bending and stretching, machine washable, aesthetically pleasing and must not impede the garment’s ability to conform to body curvatures [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introduction and Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, many of these devices are based upon conventional electronics manufactured upon rigid silicone boards which can make garments uncomfortable and impractical for many uses [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. For the large scale uptake of wearable e-textile technologies, devices must be lightweight, mechanically robust, durable, capable of withstanding bending and stretching, machine washable, aesthetically pleasing and must not impede the garment’s ability to conform to body curvatures [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. From a sporting and fitness perspective it is also important that these devices do not impede sporting technique and performance.…”

Section: Introduction and Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conventional conductive inks have limited stretch-ability with poor durability to creasing and machine washing [ 3 ]. To achieve flexible and stretchable electronic devices with such inks requires the utilization of deformable structures.…”

Section: Introduction and Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Metal based fillers are often used in conductive inks due to their relatively higher bulk electrical conductivity than alternatives such as carbon [ 7 , 9 ]. However, high loadings of metallic fillers are high cost, often make inks brittle and impair adhesion [ 3 ]. Stretchable inks consisting of silver flakes [ 2 ], Silver Nanowires [ 7 ], CNTs [ 6 , 14 , 15 ], and Ag/AgCl [ 14 , 15 ] have been developed that are capable of maintaining electrical conductivity at >100%, however, many of these materials are expensive or require extensive pre-treatment to enhance their dispersion.…”

Section: Introduction and Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addressing this, the advantages of carbon inks include their relatively low cost, disposability, ease of use, chemical inertness and their controllable electronic properties [ 4 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. However, compared to their metallic counterparts the conductivity of non-metallic inks is relatively rather low [ 3 ]. Graphite is one of the widely used materials for stretchable and conformable electrodes, however, to achieve the required conductivity large amounts of filler are used, which also leads to the degradation of stretch-ability in graphite-based nanocomposites [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introduction and Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stretchable Carbon and Silver Inks for Wearable Applications

Claypole

Kilduff

et al. 2021

Nanomaterials

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For wearable electronic devices to be fully integrated into garments, without restricting or impeding movement, requires flexible and stretchable inks and coatings, which must have consistent performance and recover from mechanical strain. Combining Carbon Black (CB) and ammonia plasma functionalized Graphite Nanoplatelets (GNPs) in a Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) resin created a conductive ink that could stretch to substrate failure (>300% nominal strain) and cyclic strains of up to 100% while maintaining an electrical network. This highly stretchable, conductive screen-printable ink was developed using relatively low-cost carbon materials and scalable processes making it a candidate for future wearable developments. The electromechanical performance of the carbon ink for wearable technology is compared to a screen-printable silver as a control. After initial plastic deformation and the alignment of the nano carbons in the matrix, the electrical performance was consistent under cycling to 100% nominal strain. Although the GNP flakes are pulled further apart a consistent, but less conductive path remains through the CB/TPU matrix. In contrast to the nano carbon ink, a more conductive ink made using silver flakes lost conductivity at 166% nominal strain falling short of the substrate failure strain. This was attributed to the failure of direct contact between the silver flakes.

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Section: Introduction and Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction and Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction and Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction and Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction and Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Stretchable Carbon and Silver Inks for Wearable Applications

Claypole

Kilduff

et al. 2021

Nanomaterials

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Large area, stretchable, wearable, screen-printed carbon heaters for use in elite sport

Claypole

Leeder

et al. 2022

J Coat Technol Res

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Stretchable, nanocarbon heaters were screen-printed onto a stretchable film to create a passive heat maintenance device for elite sport. The heat uniformity and the temperature performance of these lightweight, large area electrothermal heaters were evaluated over a range of applied voltages using thermal imaging. The heaters provided a uniform heat over the 15 × 4 cm area with temperatures of 39°C, 54°C, and 72°C at 10, 15, and 20 V, respectively, within 150 s of being switched on. Tensile testing was used to examine the performance of the heaters under strain. At 20% nominal strain, the heaters gave a uniform heat output and a temperature of 44°C at 15 V, making it a promising candidate for wearable applications. The heaters were capable of maintaining temperatures of 40°C over 10 cyclic strains up to 10% nominal strain. The heaters were integrated into a proof-of-concept stretchable base-layer garment, with the effect of the heaters on skin temperature measured and thermal sensation evaluated during a simulated training session in an environmental chamber at an ambient temperature 0°C. The printed heaters maintained skin temperature and thermal sensation when compared with an unheated control.

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