High endemism of cacti remains unprotected in the Caatinga

Carvalho, Carlos Eduardo Alencar; Menezes, Marcelo Oliveira Teles de; Araújo, Francisca Soares de; Sfair, Júlia Caram

doi:10.1007/s10531-022-02384-y

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…It is worth noting that part of the study was carried out in an area marked by severe anthropogenic effects, a reality found for many of the distribution sites of C. jamacaru, as well as for other species of the family (Zappi & Taylor 2011). Cactaceae is among the three most threatened plant groups (Goettsch et al 2015) and particularly in the case of Brazil, which has a large number of endemic species, few are inserted in protected areas (Amaral et al 2022, Carvalho et al 2022. Furthermore, a concern highlighted by the present study is the low diversity and frequency of pollinators for C. jamacaru at the studied populations.…”

Section: Pollinator Dependence and Low Reproductive Success In Sphing...mentioning

confidence: 66%

The iconic cactus of the Caatinga dry forest, Cereus jamacaru (Cactaceae) has high sphingophily specialization and pollinator dependence

ALBUQUERQUE-LIMA,

DOMINGOS-MELO,

MILET-PINHEIRO

et al. 2023

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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Cereus jamacaru is a cactus distributed in Northeastern Brazil, with high symbolic value to this region. However, the interaction, behavior and the role of pollinators remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate the reproductive biology, addressing the ecological significance of floral attributes, including details about floral signaling. The study was carried at three areas of the Caatinga, in 2015, 2017 and 2021.We analyzed the floral morphometry, volume and concentration of the nectar, and characterized the colour and scent of flowers. Additionally, we described the pollinator behavior and performed controlled pollination experiments. The 'Mandacaru' is selfincompatible, has nocturnal anthesis and the nectar is accumulated as droplets in a long hypanthial tube. The flowers have a reflective pattern with a dark outer surface and a white inner surface. (E)-nerolidol is the major component (87.4%) of its floral perfume. We registered the sphingid moth Cocytius antaeus visiting the flowers. The floral attributes, attractants and rewards drives to a sphingophily, and the pollination treatments showed the dependence to fruit set by C. antaeus, the pollinator registered.In this case, if the apparent lack of pollinator diversity encompasses its entire range, the loss of the hawkmoth could severely impact the reproductive success of the cactus.

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Section: Pollinator Dependence and Low Reproductive Success In Sphing...mentioning

confidence: 66%

The iconic cactus of the Caatinga dry forest, Cereus jamacaru (Cactaceae) has high sphingophily specialization and pollinator dependence

ALBUQUERQUE-LIMA,

DOMINGOS-MELO,

MILET-PINHEIRO

et al. 2023

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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“…Furthermore, this region is home to sites of interest for establishing new areas of integral protection due to extensive natural remnants ( MMA, 2021 ; Antongiovanni, Venticinque & Fonseca, 2018 ; Antongiovanni et al, 2020 ). The south of the Caatinga is fundamental for the conservation of cacti species ( Carvalho et al, 2022 ) and one of the few areas in eastern Brazil capable of safeguarding different Cactaceae species in climate change scenarios in the next 60 years ( Simoes et al, 2019 ). The east and central parts are also crucial for conserving endemic plants from the Caatinga dry forest ( Silva et al, 2019 ), corroborating the pattern found in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, protected areas (PAs) are the pillars for the protection and maintenance of biodiversity. However, climate change is rarely considered in the establishment of PAs ( Jones et al , 2017 ), which can result in inadequate protection of biological diversity ( Araújo et al, 2011 ; Baldi et al , 2017 ; Carvalho et al, 2022 ). Therefore, evaluating the effectiveness of protected areas is essential since suitable and enough areas for conservation might become insufficient or unsuitable shortly ( Lemes, Melo & Loyola, 2014 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-temporal ecological niche modeling for bird conservation in the face of climate change scenarios in Caatinga, Brazil

Gonçalves

Cerqueira

Silva

et al. 2023

PeerJ

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Background Global shifts in climatic patterns have been recorded over the last decades. Such modifications mainly correspond to increased temperatures and rainfall regime changes, which are becoming more variable and extreme. Methods We aimed to evaluate the impact of future changes in climatic patterns on the distribution of 19 endemic or threatened bird taxa of the Caatinga. We assessed whether current protected areas (PAs) are adequate and whether they will maintain their effectiveness in the future. Also, we identified climatically stable areas that might work as refugia for an array of species. Results We observed that 84% and 87% of the bird species of Caatinga analyzed in this study will face high area losses in their predicted range distribution areas in future scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively). We also observed that the current PAs in Caatinga are ineffective in protecting these species in both present and future scenarios, even when considering all protection area categories. However, several suitable areas can still be allocated for conservation, where there are vegetation remnants and a high amount of species. Therefore, our study paves a path for conservation actions to mitigate current and future extinctions due to climate change by choosing more suitable protection areas.

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“…These challenges are not limited solely to Brazilian PAs, as similar deficiencies are prevalent in the majority of PAs within the Neotropical region (Baldi et al, 2017;Collen et al, 2008;Saura et al, 2017). The ineffectiveness of PAs in protecting species richness was also recorded for plants in biomes like Cerrado (Velazco et al, 2019), and Caatinga, where cactus species were unprotected by the PA network (Carvalho et al, 2022). Prieto-Torres et al ( 2018), assessing PAs in several Neotropical dry forests, found that the current network covers <15% of the ranges of 80% of bird taxa.…”

Section: Categorymentioning

confidence: 99%

The future of endemic and threatened birds of the Amazon in the face of global climate change

de Moraes,

Lima,

Gonçalves

et al. 2024

Ecology and Evolution

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The anthropogenic impacts on the environment, including deforestation and the escalating emissions of greenhouse gases, have significantly contributed to global climate change that can lead to alterations in ecosystems. In this context, protected areas (PAs) are pillars for biodiversity conservation by being able, for example, to maintain the viability of populations of endangered species. On the other hand, the species range shifts do not follow the limits of PAs, jeopardizing the conservation of these species. Furthermore, the effectiveness of PAs is consistently undermined by impacts stemming from land use, hunting activities, and illegal exploitation, both within the designated areas and in their adjacent zones. The objectives of this study are to quantify the impacts of climate change on the distribution of threatened and endemic birds of the Amazon biome, evaluate the effectiveness of PAs in protecting the richness of threatened birds, and analyze the representativeness of species within PAs. We found with our results that climate suitability loss is above 80 for 65% of taxa in the optimistic scenario and above 93% in the pessimistic scenario. The results show that PAs are not effective in protecting the richness of Amazonian birds, just as they are ineffective in protecting most of the taxa studied when analyzed individually Although some taxa are presented as “Protected,” in future scenarios these taxa may suffer major shrinkages in their distributions and consequently present population unviability. The loss of climatically suitable areas and the effectiveness of PAs can directly influence the loss of ecosystem services, fundamental to maintaining the balance of biodiversity. Therefore, our study paves the way for conservation actions aimed at these taxa so that they can mitigate current and future extinctions due to climate change.

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High endemism of cacti remains unprotected in the Caatinga

Cited by 6 publications

References 33 publications

The iconic cactus of the Caatinga dry forest, Cereus jamacaru (Cactaceae) has high sphingophily specialization and pollinator dependence

The iconic cactus of the Caatinga dry forest, Cereus jamacaru (Cactaceae) has high sphingophily specialization and pollinator dependence

Multi-temporal ecological niche modeling for bird conservation in the face of climate change scenarios in Caatinga, Brazil

The future of endemic and threatened birds of the Amazon in the face of global climate change

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