High energy activation data library (HEAD-2009)

Abstract

A proton activation data library for 682 nuclides from 1 H to 210 Po in the energy range from 150 MeV up to 1 GeV was developed. To calculate proton activation data, the MCNPX 2.6.0 and CASCADE/INPE codes were chosen. Different intranuclear cascade, preequilibrium, and equilibrium nuclear reaction models and their combinations were used.The optimum calculation models have been chosen on the basis of statistical correlations for calculated and experimental proton data taken from the EXFOR library of experimental nuclear data. All the data are written in ENDF-6 format. The library is called HEPAD- (High-Energy Proton Activation Data). A revision of IEAF-2005 neutron activationdata library has been performed: A set of nuclides for which the cross-section data can be (and were) updated using more modern and improved models is specified, and the

Cosmogenic Activation in Double Beta Decay Experiments

“…It decays with half-life 32.9 years into 42 K, a β − emitter with transition energy of 3525 keV and with a half-life of 12.36 h; high energy electrons emitted very close to the detector surface can affect the region of interest for the neutrinoless DBD of 76 Ge. Presence of 42 Ar at a higher level than expected assuming a natural abundance was observed in GERDA Phase I, which was attributed to an accumulation effect due to the attraction of the generated 42 K towards the germanium detectors. Different solutions have been considered; for the Phase II of GERDA, a nylon mini-shroud to screen the electric field of the detectors and create a barrier to avoid ion collection has been proved as an efficient method to reduce the events from 42 K; in combination with the background rejection from Pulse Shape Discrimination in BEGe detectors and LAr veto, this background is reduced by more than a factor 1000, sufficient for Phase II of the experiment [211].…”

“…Some of these codes have been implemented in general-purpose codes like GEANT4 [38], FLUKA [39], and MCNP [40]. Evaluated libraries of production cross sections have been elaborated, providing different coverage of reactions, projectiles, and energies, like, for example, TENDL (TALYS-based Evaluated Nuclear Data Library) [41] (based on the TALYS code, for protons and neutrons with energies up to 200 MeV) or HEAD-2009 (High Energy Activation Data) [42] (for protons and neutrons with higher energies, from 150 MeV up to 1 GeV).…”

“…In particular, in the GERDA experiment, liquid argon acts at the same time as refrigerant and (passive and active) shielding. However, cosmogenic 42 Ar present in natural argon poses a very relevant source of background. It decays with half-life 32.9 years into 42 K, a β − emitter with transition energy of 3525 keV and with a half-life of 12.36 h; high energy electrons emitted very close to the detector surface can affect the region of interest for the neutrinoless DBD of 76 Ge.…”

Study of the cosmogenic activation in NaI(Tl) crystals within the ANAIS experiment

“…(1) HEAD-2009 48 cross sections have been used, if available. It is assumed that in this high energy range neutron and proton cross sections are comparable.…”

Advanced Method for Calculations of Core Burn-Up, Activation of Structural Materials, and Spallation Products Accumulation in Accelerator-Driven Systems

“…Actinides, however, have upper limit 20 MeV. The final step is an extension to higher energies using the HEAD-2009 activation data library [31]. The HEAD-2009 library contains neutron-and protoninduced data for 684 stable and unstable nuclides from C to Po in the primary particle energy range 150 MeV to 1 GeV.…”