High-energy, efficient and transparent electrode for lithium batteries

Martı́n, Francisco; Navarrete, Elena; Morales, J.; Roldán, Cristina Clapes; Ramos-Barrado, J.R.; Sánchez, L.

doi:10.1039/b920466k

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Moreover, by aligning multiple layers of electrodes together, the transparency does not decrease, whereas the energy stored increases linearly. In contrast, the transparency of thin film electrodes decreases exponentially when more cells are stacked in series (18,19). As a result, a transparent battery with practical capacity for portable electronics can be accomplished using patterned electrodes on clear substrates.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transparent lithium-ion batteries

Yang¹,

Jeong

Hu³

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

247

212

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Transparent devices have recently attracted substantial attention. Various applications have been demonstrated, including displays, touch screens, and solar cells; however, transparent batteries, a key component in fully integrated transparent devices, have not yet been reported. As battery electrode materials are not transparent and have to be thick enough to store energy, the traditional approach of using thin films for transparent devices is not suitable. Here we demonstrate a grid-structured electrode to solve this dilemma, which is fabricated by a microfluidics-assisted method. The feature dimension in the electrode is below the resolution limit of human eyes, and, thus, the electrode appears transparent. Moreover, by aligning multiple electrodes together, the amount of energy stored increases readily without sacrificing the transparency. This results in a battery with energy density of 10 Wh∕L at a transparency of 60%. The device is also flexible, further broadening their potential applications. The transparent device configuration also allows in situ Raman study of fundamental electrochemical reactions in batteries.energy storage | flexible electronics | self-assembly | transparent electronics T ransparent electronics is an emerging and promising technology for the next generation of optoelectronic devices. Transparent devices have been fabricated for various applications, including transistors (1-6), optical circuits (7), displays (8-10), touch screens (11), and solar cells (12)(13)(14). However, the battery, a key component in portable electronics, has not been demonstrated as a transparent device. Consequently, fully integrated and transparent devices cannot be realized because the battery occupies a considerable footprint area and volume in these devices (e.g., cell phones and tablet computers). Typically, a battery is composed of electrode materials, current collectors, electrolyte, separators, and packaging (15). None of them are transparent except for the electrolyte. Furthermore, as these components are in series, all of them must be clear to make the whole device transparent. A widely used method for making transparent devices is to reduce the thickness of active materials down to much less than their optical absorption length, as demonstrated in carbon nanotubes (5, 7), graphene (11), and organic semiconductors (12,14). However, this approach is not suitable for batteries, because, to our knowledge, no battery material has an absorption length long enough in the full voltage window. For example, LiCoO 2 and graphite, the most common cathode and anode in Li-ion batteries, are good absorbers even with a thickness less than 1 μm. Moreover, black conductive carbon additive is always required in electrodes, which occupies at least 10% of the total volume (16). In contrast, to power common portable electronics, the total thickness of electrode material needs to be on the order of 100 μm-1 mm, much longer than the absorption length of electrode materials. This dilemma comes from the fact that the trans...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transparent lithium-ion batteries

Yang¹,

Jeong

Hu³

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

247

212

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In previous studies on Li batteries, ITO has already been used for different purposes in substrates, positive electrodes, and negative electrodes. [ 24–26 ] Different from the utilization in Li batteries, ITO in this study was found to serve as the electrochemically stable conductive coating layers for current collectors, and therefore novel prototypes of lightweight current collectors could be expected in nonaqueous Al batteries. To validate their application, various characterizations were further applied to the ITO/PET current collectors.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 96%

Nonmetal Current Collectors: The Key Component for High‐Energy‐Density Aluminum Batteries

Chen

Song

et al. 2020

Advanced Materials

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As one of the emerging safe energy‐storage devices with high energy‐to‐cost ratio, nonaqueous aluminum batteries with enhanced energy density are intensively pursued by researchers. Although significant progress has been made on positive electrode materials, the effective energy density of aluminum batteries is still limited by the presence of high‐density refractory metal current collectors, which are known to be electrochemically inert in highly acidic ionic‐liquid electrolytes. To address such critical issues, here, a novel low‐density (<2 g cm−3) nonmetal current collector is presented, which uses poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) substrates coated with indium tin oxide (ITO), with the purpose of significantly reducing the ratio of nonactive components in the electrodes. In addition to the excellent chemical and electrochemical stability (with voltage as high as ≈2.75 V vs Al3+/Al), this nonmetal current collector, also encompassing a carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) binder, allows as‐assembled pouch cells to deliver a reversible specific capacity of ≈120 mAh g−1 at a current density of 50 mA g−1. In comparison with the high‐density refractory metal Mo or Ta current collectors, these nonmetal current collectors offer a novel strategy for constructing high‐energy‐density aluminum batteries by substituting the key components, with the aim of boosting the energy density of nonaqueous aluminum batteries.

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“…Francisco Martin and co-workers firstly describe the transparent electrode made from man-sized LiFeO 2 directly grown on an indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate. The capacity of transparent electrode achieves 160 Ah kg −1 with capacity retention near to 98% [33]. And this is of great significance for the development of transparent batteries.…”

Section: Lithium-ion Batterymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Flexible and Transparent Energy Storage System

Jiang

Yuan

2018

Materials

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Due to the broad application prospect, flexible and transparent electronic device has been widely used in portable wearable devices, energy storage smart window and other fields, which owns many advantages such as portable, foldable, small-quality, low-cost, good transparency, high performance and so on. All these electronic devices are inseparable from the support of energy storage device. Energy storage device, like lithium-ion battery and super capacitor, also require strict flexibility and transparency as the energy supply equipment of electronic devices. Here, we demonstrate the development and applications of flexible and transparent lithium-ion battery and super capacitor. In particular, carbon nanomaterials are widely used in flexible and transparent electronic device, due to their excellent optical and electrical properties and good mechanical properties. For example, carbon nanotubes with high electrical conductivity and low density have been widely reported by researchers. Otherwise, graphene as an emerging two-dimensional material with electrical conductivity and carrier mobility attracts comparatively more attention than that of other carbon nanomaterials. Substantial effort has been put on the research for graphene-based energy storage system by researchers from all over the world. But, there is still a long way to accomplish this goal of improving the performance for stretchable and transparent electronic device due to the existing technical conditions.

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High-energy, efficient and transparent electrode for lithium batteries

Cited by 22 publications

References 33 publications

Transparent lithium-ion batteries

Transparent lithium-ion batteries

Nonmetal Current Collectors: The Key Component for High‐Energy‐Density Aluminum Batteries

A Review on Flexible and Transparent Energy Storage System

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