High-energy hydroxytetrazoles: Design, synthesis and performance

1‐(Azidomethyl)‐5H‐Tetrazole: A Powerful New Ligand for Highly Energetic Coordination Compounds

“…Although it is not sensitive (540 mJ) towards electrostatic discharge (ESD), due to its mechanical sensitivities, it has to be ranked as a primary explosive. By applying 3 as ligand in ECCs of copper(II) nitrate (4), picrate, (10), styphnate (11), and trinitrophloroglycinolate (12), it is possible to stabilize the friction sensitivity of 3. While 4 is only slightly less sensitive (15 N) than pure 3, compound 10 is completely insensitive (360 N).…”

“…Pure compound 3 showed a detonation in the HP test and a deflagration in the HN test. While the copper(II) nitrate ( 4) and the nitroaromatic compounds 10, 11, and 12 show deflagration or decomposition (10,11), the (per)chlorate metal complexes show a violent detonation (6, 7, and 9) or sharp deflagration (5 and 8) in the HP test (Figure 12). The complexes of copper(II) azide (13) and silver(I) fulminate ( 14) detonate both in the HP and HN test.…”

“…While the tetrazole moiety, with its high nitrogen content, has been introduced in several recent high-performing energetic materials [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] as well as potential pharmaceuticals [15][16][17] several 1 N-functionalised tetrazoles [18] such as 1-methyl-5Htetrazole [19] (1-MTZ) and 1-amino-5H-tetrazole [20] (1-AT) promoted the range of adjustability of energetic properties of ECCs. 1-MTZ is able to stabilize sensitive materials (e. g., AgCNO), thus performs well when desensitizing an energetic coordination compound, whereas 1-AT drastically increases the sensitivity.…”

Porous MoS2 nanosheets for the fast decomposition of energetic compounds

“…1,2 In particular, defence programs have invested significant time and effort into munitions formulations development in the last decade. 3 Among them, ammonium perchlorate (AP), exahydro-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane (RDX) and classic 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) are typical components. 4 However, accidental explosions and toxicity characteristics of TNT and other nitramines have highlighted the need to develop materials less sensitive to shock, chemically more stable and environmentally friendly.…”

Characterization of Nano-Scale Parallel Lamellar Defects in RDX and HMX Single Crystals by Two-Dimension Small Angle X-ray Scattering

“…Nano-scale crystal defects extremely affect the security and reliability of explosive charges of weapons [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. On the one hand, defects play a key role in the initiation of explosives resulting from mechanical stimuli, such as shock loading.…”