High energy supercontinuum sources using tapered photonic crystal fibers for multispectral photoacoustic microscopy

Bondu, Magalie; Brooks, Christopher D.; Jakobsen, C.; Oakes, Keith; Moselund, Peter M.; Leick, Lasse; Bang, Ole; Podoleanu, Adrian Gh.

doi:10.1117/1.jbo.21.6.061005

Cited by 33 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Spectrum broadening is induced by a photonic crystal fiber from NKT Photonics A/S, whose tapered design (starting from a 10.7 μm mode field diameter down to 5 μm) allows enhanced power handling and, therefore, stronger SC generation. Based on this design, the entire SC spectrum covers a broad 500-2300 nm wavelength range, and a good uniformity for the spectral emission is obtained between 600 and 1600 nm, as shown in detail by Bondu et al [13]. In this Letter, however, as a proof of concept, we only selected SWB for PAM, targeting blood and melanin absorption, and LWB for OCT, which is among the most frequently used bands in both research and clinical applications.…”

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confidence: 95%

Single all-fiber-based nanosecond-pulsed supercontinuum source for multispectral photoacoustic microscopy and optical coherence tomography

et al. 2016

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We report the usefulness of a single all-fiber-based supercontinuum (SC) source for combined photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). The SC light is generated by a tapered photonic crystal fiber pumped by a nanosecond pulsed master oscillator power amplifier at 1064 nm. The spectrum is split into a shorter wavelength band (500-800 nm) for single/multi-spectral PAM and a longer wavelength band (800-900 nm) band for OCT. In vivo mouse ear imaging was achieved with an integrated dual-modality system. We further demonstrated its potential for spectroscopic photoacoustic imaging by doing multispectral measurements on retinal pigment epithelium and blood samples with 15-nm linewidth.

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confidence: 95%

Single all-fiber-based nanosecond-pulsed supercontinuum source for multispectral photoacoustic microscopy and optical coherence tomography

et al. 2016

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“…The amplifier was coupled to a specially designed PCF taper that connects a large-core fiber that has a much more resistance to high-pulse energy at the input to a small-core PCF for spectrum broadening. Pulse energy per band increased dramatically and became comparable to the ones produced through SRS3945.…”

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confidence: 78%

“…As can be seen, these pulse energies are quite low despite the wide bandwidths. There are many attempts to develop multiwavelength laser systems generating higher pulse energies from the output of an integrated fiber for various photoacoustic imaging applications3639404145. However, this condition requires PCFs to withstand such high energies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to overcome this limitation, tapered fibers are designed. Bondu et al 45. used a nonlinear fiber that combines a large-core fiber for high-pulse energy handling with a small-core fiber for efficient spectral broadening.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the sake of enabling spectroscopic measurements, multiwavelength spectrum is obtained from a single wavelength emitting Q-switched Nd:YAG microchip laser, either through stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) or nonlinear broadening by coupling its output to a fiber36373839404142434445. For lasers utilizing SRS, major energy is distributed on a series of fixed individual wavelength peaks that result from nonlinear interaction between incoming photons through the fiber and the molecules in the fiber itself, thus offers a limited wavelength tunability46.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Development of a Fiber Laser with Independently Adjustable Properties for Optical Resolution Photoacoustic Microscopy

Aytaç-Kipergil

Demirkiran

Uluc

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Photoacoustic imaging is based on the detection of generated acoustic waves through thermal expansion of tissue illuminated by short laser pulses. Fiber lasers as an excitation source for photoacoustic imaging have recently been preferred for their high repetition frequencies. Here, we report a unique fiber laser developed specifically for multiwavelength photoacoustic microscopy system. The laser is custom-made for maximum flexibility in adjustment of its parameters; pulse duration (5–10 ns), pulse energy (up to 10 μJ) and repetition frequency (up to 1 MHz) independently from each other and covers a broad spectral region from 450 to 1100 nm and also can emit wavelengths of 532, 355, and 266 nm. The laser system consists of a master oscillator power amplifier, seeding two stages; supercontinuum and harmonic generation units. The laser is outstanding since the oscillator, amplifier and supercontinuum generation parts are all-fiber integrated with custom-developed electronics and software. To demonstrate the feasibility of the system, the images of several elements of standardized resolution test chart are acquired at multiple wavelengths. The lateral resolution of optical resolution photoacoustic microscopy system is determined as 2.68 μm. The developed system may pave the way for spectroscopic photoacoustic microscopy applications via widely tunable fiber laser technologies.

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Real‐time functional optical‐resolution photoacoustic microscopy using high‐speed alternating illumination at 532 and 1064 nm

Kang

Lee

Park

et al. 2017

Journal of Biophotonics

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Optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM), which has been widely used and studied as a noninvasive and in vivo imaging technique, can yield high-resolution and absorption contrast images. Recently, metallic nanoparticles and dyes, such as gold nanoparticles, methylene blue, and indocyanine green, have been used as contrast agents of OR-PAM. This study demonstrates real-time functional OR-PAM images with high-speed alternating illumination at 2 wavelengths. To generate 2 wavelengths, second harmonic generation at 532 nm with an LBO crystal and a pump wavelength of 1064 nm is applied at a pulse repetition rate of 300 kHz. For alternating illumination, an electro-optical modulator is used as an optical switch. Therefore, the A-line rate for the functional image is 150 kHz, which is half of the laser repetition rate. To enable fast signal processing and real-time displays, parallel signal processing using a graphics processing unit (GPU) is performed. OR-PAM images of the distribution of blood vessels and gold nanorods in a BALB/c-nude mouse's ear can be simultaneously obtained with 500 × 500 pixels and real-time display at 0.49 fps.

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High energy supercontinuum sources using tapered photonic crystal fibers for multispectral photoacoustic microscopy

Cited by 33 publications

References 24 publications

Single all-fiber-based nanosecond-pulsed supercontinuum source for multispectral photoacoustic microscopy and optical coherence tomography

Single all-fiber-based nanosecond-pulsed supercontinuum source for multispectral photoacoustic microscopy and optical coherence tomography

Development of a Fiber Laser with Independently Adjustable Properties for Optical Resolution Photoacoustic Microscopy

Real‐time functional optical‐resolution photoacoustic microscopy using high‐speed alternating illumination at 532 and 1064 nm

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