High entropy oxides as anode material for Li-ion battery applications: A practical approach

Gassing Behavior of High‐Entropy Oxide Anode and Oxyfluoride Cathode Probed Using Differential Electrochemical Mass Spectrometry

“…HEO was prepared by the NSP method . Mg(NO 3 ) 2 ⋅ 6H 2 O (Sigma Aldrich, 99.9 %), Zn(NO 3 ) 2 ⋅ 6H 2 O (Alfa Aesar, 99.9 %), Cu(NO 3 ) 2 ⋅ 2.5H 2 O (Sigma Aldrich, 99.9 %), Ni(NO 3 ) 2 ⋅ 6H 2 O (Sigma Aldrich, 99.9 %) and Co(NO 3 ) 2 ⋅ 6H 2 O (Sigma Aldrich, 99.9 %) served as precursors in the synthesis, with the final material forming in the gas phase of a hot‐wall reactor at 1150 °C and subsequent sintering at 1000 °C for 1 h …”

“…Synthesis HEO was prepared by the NSP method. [19] Mg(NO 3 ) 2 · 6H 2 O (Sigma Aldrich, 99.9 %), Zn(NO 3 ) 2 · 6H 2 O (Alfa Aesar, 99.9 %), Cu (NO 3 ) 2 · 2.5H 2 O (Sigma Aldrich, 99.9 %), Ni(NO 3 ) 2 · 6H 2 O (Sigma Aldrich, 99.9 %) and Co(NO 3 ) 2 · 6H 2 O (Sigma Aldrich, 99.9 %) served as precursors in the synthesis, with the final material forming in the gas phase of a hot-wall reactor at 1150°C and subsequent sintering at 1000°C for 1 h. [14][15][16] Li(HEO)F was prepared by high-energy planetary ball-milling of a 1 : 1 molar mixture of LiF (Alfa Aesar, 99.99 %) and HEO at 500 rpm for 24 h under an Ar atmosphere. [17] To this end, 50 ml WC vials and WC balls of 4 mm diameter were used, with the ball-to-powder ratio being 40 : 1 by weight.…”

“…Very recently, a new class of multicomponent electrode materials has been reported, which seems promising for the development of next‐generation LIBs . These materials exhibit tailorable properties and good cycling performance and belong to the so‐called high‐entropy oxides (HEOs).…”

“…Very recently, a new class of multicomponent electrode materials has been reported, which seems promising for the development of next-generation LIBs. [14][15][16][17] These materials exhibit tailorable properties and good cycling performance and belong to the so-called high-entropy oxides (HEOs). HEOs are a class of materials where a large number of different (incorporated) elements increases the configurational entropy, leading to entropy stabilization.…”

Spinel to Rock-Salt Transformation in High Entropy Oxides with Li Incorporation

“…In addition, the recent findings by Bérardan et al on (NiCuZnMgCo) 1−x−y Ga y A x O (with A = Li, Na, K) showed that the charge compensation mechanism when using monovalent elements involves the formation of oxygen vacancies, resulting in a decrease in lattice parameters [18]. Lately, HEOs have been shown to have potential as conversion, intercalation, and insertion materials for application in Liand Na-ion batteries (LIBs and SIBs) [5,13,17,[19][20][21][22]. Nevertheless, the role of Li + in HEO structures (e.g., rock-salt [23] or spinel [24]) and the associated behaviors of the other incorporated elements have not yet been understood.…”