High exposure to perfluorinated compounds in drinking water and thyroid disease. A cohort study from Ronneby, Sweden

Andersson, Eva; Scott, Kirk; Xu, Yi; Liu, Ying; Olsson, Daniel S; Fletcher, Tony; Jakobsson, Kristina

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2019.108540

Cited by 56 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In the present study, higher PFOS and PFHxS serum levels were confirmed in residents living for longer periods in the areas with contaminated drinking water ( Table 5 ). Given the results, in combination with the higher rate of thyroid disease described among women (and increasing with age) ( Andersson et al. 2019 ; Boelaert and Franklyn 2005 ) and the fact that the BMD analysis of the study by Seacat et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

A Probabilistic Approach to Evaluate the Risk of Decreased Total Triiodothyronine Hormone Levels following Chronic Exposure to PFOS and PFHxS via Contaminated Drinking Water

Silva

Ringblom

Lindh

et al. 2020

Environ Health Perspect

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BACKGROUND: Extensive exposure to per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been observed in many countries. Current deterministic frameworks for risk assessment lack the ability to predict the likelihood of effects and to assess uncertainty. When exposure exceeds tolerable intake levels, these shortcomings hamper risk management and communication. OBJECTIVE: The integrated probabilistic risk assessment (IPRA) combines dose-response and exposure data to estimate the likelihood of adverse effects. We evaluated the usefulness of the IPRA for risk characterization related to decreased levels of total triiodothyronine (T 3) in humans following a real case of high exposure to PFAS via drinking water. METHODS: PFAS exposure was defined as serum levels from residents of a contaminated area in Ronneby, Sweden. Median levels were 270 ng=mL [perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS)] and 229 ng=mL [perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS)] for individuals who resided in Ronneby 1 y before the exposure termination. This data was integrated with data from a subchronic toxicity study in monkeys exposed daily to PFOS. Benchmark dose modeling was employed to describe separate dose-effect relationship for males and females, and extrapolation factor distributions were used to estimate the corresponding human benchmark dose. The critical effect level was defined as a 10% decrease in total T 3. RESULTS: The median probability of critical exposure, following a combined exposure to PFOS and PFHxS, was estimated to be [2.1% (90% CI: 0:4%-13:1%)]. Gender-based analysis showed that this risk was almost entirely distributed among women, namely [3.9% (90% CI: 0:8%-21:6%)]. DISCUSSION: The IPRA was compared with the traditional deterministic Margin of Exposure (MoE) approach. We conclude that probabilistic risk characterization represents an important step forward in the ability to adequately analyze group-specific health risks. Moreover, quantifying the sources of uncertainty is desirable, as it improves the awareness among stakeholders and will guide future efforts to improve accuracy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

A Probabilistic Approach to Evaluate the Risk of Decreased Total Triiodothyronine Hormone Levels following Chronic Exposure to PFOS and PFHxS via Contaminated Drinking Water

Silva

Ringblom

Lindh

et al. 2020

Environ Health Perspect

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“…e data shows that PFOA toxicity is nearly 44% above the EPA health regulatory limit of 0.070 μg/L, indicating that the Vienna (West Virginia) community has PFOA levels similar to or greater than many communities in the USA and other parts of the world [1,3,28,29]. e data in Figure 3 is a comparative analysis between PFOA results (Table 1) and a commercial source activated-carbon filtration.…”

Section: Pfoa Removal Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unfortunately, consumption of PFOA and microcystins is associated with very serious health problems such as elevated blood cholesterol, gastrointestinal infection, depressed immune system, kidney and liver disease, diabetes, and cancer. Also, growth deficiency among little children has been reported [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. e US EPA health regulatory limit for PFOA in drinking water is < 0.07 μg/L and the WHO guidelines limit for microcystins lifetime exposure is 1.0 μg/L [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of Perfluorooctanoic Acid and Microcystins from Drinking Water by Electrocoagulation

Opoku-Duah

Johnson²

2020

Journal of Chemistry

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Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and microcystins are some of the well-known chemical contaminants in drinking water in the USA. Despite the availability of filtration technologies like ion-exchange resins, activated-carbon, and high-pressure membrane filters, these contaminants still remain widespread in the environment. In the present study, two innovative aspects of electrocoagulation techniques were tested, (a) cheap and easy-to-operate field-unit instead of hi-tech electrocoagulation and (b) reverse-polarity instead of conventional polarity, and applied to remove PFOA and microcystins from drinking water sources. The method presented here outperformed commercial activated-carbon filtration by nearly 40%. When the efficiency of electrocoagulation was examined in terms of voltage discharge, pH, and reverse-polarity, the results averaged 80% decontamination for individual treatment, while their combined effects produced 100% detoxification in 10–40 minutes, exceeding recently published results. The method shows great economic promise for water and wastewater treatment and chemical recycling.

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“…In Sweden, approximately one-third of the airfields were connected to the source water contamination due to historical AFFF emission [ 15 , 16 ]. In present study, the investigated area represents the case of severe drinking water contamination, with over 16,000 individuals exposed among the population between the 1980s and 2013 [ 17 , 18 ]. The health-related risks have been under extensive investigation, including the assessment of exposure conditions and associated PFAS levels in human serum [ 13 , 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of the Sediment Organic vs. Mineral Content on Distribution of the Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Lake Sediment

Mussabek

Persson

Berndtsson

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Contamination of the water and sediment with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) was studied for the lake impacted by the release of PFAS-containing aqueous film forming foam (AFFF). PFAS concentrations were analyzed in lake water and sediment core samples. ΣPFAS concentrations were in the range of 95–100 ng L−1 in the lake water and 3.0–61 µg kg−1 dry weight (dw) in sediment core samples, both dominated by perfluorohexane sulfonate, perfluorooctane sulfonate; 6:2 fluortelomer sulfonate was inconsistently present in water and sediment core samples. The sediment–water partitioning coefficients (log Kd) were estimated and ranged 0.6–2.3 L kg−1 for individual perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs) and 0.9–5.6 L kg−1 for individual perfluoroalkane sulfonates (PFSAs). The influence of the sediment inorganic content and organic matter on PFAS distribution was investigated. In studied sediments, the mineral content (corresponding to <5% of the bulk media mass) was mainly represented by sulfur, iron and calcium. The PFAS distribution was found strongly connected to the sediment mineral content (i.e., Fe, Pb, Rb and As), whereas the sediment organic carbon content did not to have a direct influence on the PFAS distribution. The aim of this study was to improve our understanding of the PFAS distribution in the natural heterogeneous media.

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High exposure to perfluorinated compounds in drinking water and thyroid disease. A cohort study from Ronneby, Sweden

Cited by 56 publications

References 20 publications

A Probabilistic Approach to Evaluate the Risk of Decreased Total Triiodothyronine Hormone Levels following Chronic Exposure to PFOS and PFHxS via Contaminated Drinking Water

A Probabilistic Approach to Evaluate the Risk of Decreased Total Triiodothyronine Hormone Levels following Chronic Exposure to PFOS and PFHxS via Contaminated Drinking Water

Removal of Perfluorooctanoic Acid and Microcystins from Drinking Water by Electrocoagulation

Impact of the Sediment Organic vs. Mineral Content on Distribution of the Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Lake Sediment

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