High expression of SOX30 is associated with favorable survival in human lung adenocarcinoma

Abstract

In our previous study, we had identified SOX30 as a novel tumor suppressor that acts through direct regulation of p53 transcription in human lung cancer. Here, we sought to determine the clinical relevance of SOX30 expression in a series of surgically-resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Analysis of SOX30 expression and clinico-pathologic features reveal a significant correlation of SOX30 expression with histological type (n = 220, P = 0.008) and clinical stage (n = 220, P = 0.024). Kaplan-Meier analysis indicates an association of high SOX30 expression with better prognosis in NSCLC patients (n = 220, P = 0.007). Via multivariate Cox-regression analysis, SOX30 expression is revealed to be an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (OS) of NSCLC patients (n = 220, P = 0.014, hazard ratio (HR) = 0.816). In particular, SOX30 is a favorable and independent prognostic factor in one main subtype of NSCLC, lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) patients (n = 150, P = 0.000, HR = 0.405), but not in another main subtype of NSCLC, squamous cell carcinoma patients. Furthermore, high expression of SOX30 represents a favorable and independent factor for the prognosis of ADC patients at clinical stage II (P = 0.013), with positive lymph node (P = 0.003), at histological grade 2 (P = 0.000) or grade 3 (P = 0.025). In summary, SOX30 expression represents an important prognostic factor for survival time in ADC patients.

LHX6, An Independent Prognostic Factor, Inhibits Lung Adenocarcinoma Progression through Transcriptional Silencing of β-catenin

“…Our data showed that LHX6 expression was a favorable prognostic factor in lung adenocarcinoma but not in lung squamous carcinoma patients. Recent studies have reported that SOX30 was a favorable prognostic factor in lung adenocarcinoma but an unfavorable one in lung squamous carcinoma 8 , and GPC5 was also found to be related to the clinical progression only in lung adenocarcinoma patients 9 . Furthermore, our clinical study suggested that LHX6 was an independent prognostic factor for lung adenocarcinoma patients and for patients with negative lymph node status.…”

“…The tissues were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and then reviewed histologically by at least two pathologists. Finally, the TMAs were constructed (in collaboration with Shanghai Biochip Company Ltd, Shanghai, China) as previously described 8 .…”

“…A double-blind method was used to analyze IHC results by randomly choosing three visual fields from different areas of each specimen. The immunostaining was considered positive when ≥10% of the tumor cells was immunoreactive, and samples were scored as previously described 8 . Comprehensive score = staining percentage × intensity.…”

“…The undesirable prognosis of lung cancer is largely due to its high mortality rate and aggressive phenotypes. Recently, various genetic and epigenetic alterations have been shown to drive this process in lung cancer and even one gene may indicate adverse prognostic outcomes in lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma patients 8 - 10 . Thus, identification of new functional genes and biomarkers in different types of lung cancer may elucidate the mechanism of lung tumorigenesis and provide alternative approaches to improve cancer therapy and diagnosis.…”

Pregnane X receptor is associated with unfavorable survival and induces chemotherapeutic resistance by transcriptional activating multidrug resistance-related protein 3 in colorectal cancer

“…Tumor cell staining was considered positive when immunoreactivity was greater than or equal to 10%. Positive staining was divided into 5 categories, and staining intensity was graded according to 4 levels as previously described [25]. The expression levels were defined by the sum of positive staining and intensity.…”