High Expression of TTYH3 Is Related to Poor Clinical Outcomes in Human Gastric Cancer

Abstract

Ion channels play important roles in regulating various cellular processes and malignant transformation. Expressions of some chloride channels have been suggested to be associated with patient survival in gastric cancer (GC). However, little is known about the expression and function of TTYH3, a gene encoding a chloride ion channel, in cancer progression. Here, we comprehensively analyzed the expression of TTYH3 and its clinical outcome in GC using publicly available cancer gene expression and patient survival data through various databases. We examined the differences of TTYH3 expression between cancers and their normal tissues using the Oncomine, UALCAN, and GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus) databases. TTYH3 expression was investigated from immunohistochemistry images using the Human Protein Atlas database. Copy number alterations and mutations of TTYH3 were analyzed using cBioPortal. The co-expression profile of TTYH3 in GC was revealed using Oncomine. The gene ontology and pathway analyses were done using those co-expressed genes via the Enrichr tool to explore the predicted signaling pathways in GC. TTYH3 mRNA and protein levels in GC were significantly greater than those in normal tissue. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed the upregulation of TTYH3 expression, which was significantly correlated with worse patient survival. Collectively, our data suggest that TTYH3 might be a potential prognostic marker for GC patients.

Discovery of key genes as novel biomarkers specifically associated with HPV-negative cervical cancer

“…42,43 A study revealed that the upregulation of the TTYH3 in gastric cancer was associated with shorter survival. 44 Nevertheless, little is known about the expression and function of TTYH3 in any other tumors. Our data revealed a potentially important role for TTYH3 in the development of HPV-negative cervical cancer, because higher expression of TTYH3 was observed in HPV-negative cervical cancer cells and tissues.…”

The tweety Gene Family: From Embryo to Disease

“…In addition to central nervous system-associated cancers and colon cancers, tweety is implicated in other cancers including breast, clear cell sarcoma, gastric, histiocytic sarcoma, kidney, osteosarcoma, and thyroid cancers. Expression from immunohistochemistry images and clinical outcome data in patients with gastric cancer analyzed using various databases (e.g., Human Protein Atlas, Oncomine, UALCAN, and Gene Expression Omnibus) revealed upregulated TTYH3 in gastric cancer compared to normal tissue (Rhodes et al, 2004 ; Saha et al, 2019 7 ). Furthermore, Kaplan-Meier analysis (modeling patient survival probability over time) demonstrated a correlation between TTYH3 upregulation and decreased patient survival (Saha et al, 2019 ).…”

“…Expression from immunohistochemistry images and clinical outcome data in patients with gastric cancer analyzed using various databases (e.g., Human Protein Atlas, Oncomine, UALCAN, and Gene Expression Omnibus) revealed upregulated TTYH3 in gastric cancer compared to normal tissue (Rhodes et al, 2004 ; Saha et al, 2019 7 ). Furthermore, Kaplan-Meier analysis (modeling patient survival probability over time) demonstrated a correlation between TTYH3 upregulation and decreased patient survival (Saha et al, 2019 ). These findings suggest TTYH3 facilitates gastric cancer pathology.…”

The Significance of Secreted Phosphoprotein 1 in Multiple Human Cancers

“…Oncomine database 1 , a cancer microarray database and webbased data mining platform (Saha et al, 2019), was used to analyze the expression level of the SPP1 gene in various types of cancers. The threshold was set as 0.001 for P value, 1.5 for fold change (FC), and gene ranking of all.…”