High-fat diet-induced obesity amplifies HSP70-2a and HSP90 expression in testicular tissue; correlation with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)

Molecular mechanism behind methamphetamine‐induced damages in testicular tissue: Evidences for oxidative stress, autophagy, and apoptosis

“…Indeed, at first stage of ODD, the PCNA in cooperation with BER enzymes (mainly glycosylases), initiates the repairing process. Thus, failure of this system ends up with expanded DNA damage in the testicular cellularity (Hurst et al, 2021; Moradi‐Ozarlou et al, 2021; Moshari et al, 2017; Tsai et al, 2017). Therefore, the METH‐suppressed PCNA expression might negatively affect BER enzyme expression.…”

“…Recently, the oxidative stress (OS) has been shown as one of the most important reasons in the male infertility, which in various situations can end up with massive oxidative DNA damage (ODD) at germ and somatic cells in the testicles (Moradi‐Ozarlou et al, 2021). It has been shown that OS positively correlates with failed metabolic interactions (Akbar Gharehbagh et al, 2021; Yang et al, 2019), autophagy (Akbar Gharehbagh et al, 2021), endocrine suppression (Salmani et al, 2020), and even inflammation (Mazhari et al, 2018) in the testicular tissue.…”

“…Indeed, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a member of the sliding clamp family, which involves as a proceeding element in the polymerase process (Moradi‐Ozarlou et al, 2021; Moshari et al, 2017) and is reported to promote the BER enzymes‐induced roles in the DNA repairing process. In line with this issue, it has shown that the PCNA plays a crucial role in interacting with almost all players in the BER process, including glycosylases, AP endonuclease, and XRCC1 (Hurst et al, 2021; Tsai et al, 2017).…”

“…However, the methylpurine DNA glycosylase (MPG) enzyme, detects, removes and ultimately repairs the DNA alkylated bases (Alhumaydhi et al, 2020). Thus, any disruption in the UDG and MPG‐related interactions and/or suppression of PCNA expression/activity can remarkably affect the DNA repairing process and initiate the autophagy and/or apoptosis pathways (Akbar Gharehbagh et al, 2021; Moradi‐Ozarlou et al, 2021; Moshari et al, 2017).…”

T-stage-specific abdominal visceral fat, haematological nutrition indicators and inflammation as prognostic factors in patients with clear renal cell carcinoma

“…However, some researchers have reported that HSP70 expression is positively associated with insulin resistance [ 49 ]. A recent study found that obesity was associated with upregulation of HSP90 in testicular tissues, but an increase in HSP90 out of proportion to proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) could not exert its physiological effects, including complete the DNA repair pathways and maintain the cellular DNA integrity [ 50 ]. HSP90 expression has also been found to be a potential biomarker for prognosis of patients with some cancers.…”