High-fat diet promotes hypothalamic inflammation in animal models: a systematic review

Abstract

Context Hypothalamic inflammation and dysfunction may be induced by high-fat diets. However, the mechanisms involved in this process have not been fully elucidated. Objective To evidence, in animal models, of how a high-fat diet influence the mechanisms involved in hypothalamic inflammation. Data sources Scopus, PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Embase databases were searched. Data extraction The exclusion criteria were human studies, studies with medicinal products or other substances not related to food, paper reviews, studies that used a surgical intervention or an intervention with food to reverse hypothalamic inflammation, and studies with genetically modified animals. The identified studies were evaluated according to the following inclusion criteria: animal studies, studies in which a control group was included in the experimental design, and studies in which markers of inflammation in the hypothalamus were evaluated. Data analysis A total of 322 studies were found, of which 9 met the inclusion criteria for a systematic review, conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, and were included in this review. Conclusion The exposure of rodents to high-fat diets promoted an increase in levels of several pro-inflammatory cytokines and other proteins involved in the inflammatory process in the hypothalamus. This process was associated with increased glial cell activity.

Metabolic cues impact non‐oscillatory intergeniculate leaflet and ventral lateral geniculate nucleus: standard versus high‐fat diet comparative study

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Hypothalamic TrkB.FL overexpression improves metabolic outcomes in the BTBR mouse model of autism

“…We did not see these inflammatory changes in the long-term HFD study. Mice fed a high-fat diet display chronic hypothalamic inflammation [45,46]. BDNF-TrkB is involved in regulating neuroinflammation [47,48].…”

Nutrition Strategies Promoting Healthy Aging: From Improvement of Cardiovascular and Brain Health to Prevention of Age-Associated Diseases

“…Importantly, both programmed mechanisms of aging and stochastic processes contributing to the genesis aging phenotypes are impacted by nutrition and diets (e.g., caloric restriction confers multifaceted anti-aging effects) [ 93 , 94 ]. There is strong evidence that unhealthy diets (e.g., a high fat diet, Western diets, and methionine-rich diets), because of accelerated cellular aging, exacerbate the development of age-related diseases and shorten lifespan in laboratory animals [ 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 , 100 , 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 ]. Development of aging phenotypes and the pathogenesis of age-related diseases are also influenced by a heightened state of low-grade sterile systemic inflammation (“inflamm-aging”) [ 105 ].…”

“…Recent findings highlight the association between inflammation and deleterious frailty status in older adults [ 106 , 107 ]. Inadequate diets (e.g., a high fat diet [ 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 ], diabetogenic diets, high methionine diets [ 108 , 109 , 110 ]) are an important contributing factor to this low-grade systemic inflammation, but it is also one of the easiest modifiable interventions for elderly individuals to intervene on the process of aging [ 105 ]. Preclinical studies have developed a wide range of dietary interventions to delay aging and prevent development of age-related diseases in laboratory animals.…”