High fidelity based reversible data hiding using modified LSB matching and pixel difference

Steganography is considered the first line of defense in information security as it hides a secret message (payload) inside an innocent looking file (container) to transfer the payload under the adversary's nose without noticing it. Steganographic systems only use the container to hide the payload. In this paper, we present a steganographic system that uses the container not only to hide the payload, but also to give misleading information to the adversary. To achieve this goal, we use quick response (QR) code as a container. QR codes generated by our proposed system can carry its ordinary message in addition to the payload. Anyone can read the message, but the payload can only be obtained using a secret key. The message and the payload are unrelated; i.e. any message can be generated regardless of the payload and vise versa. We can take advantage of that by generating a message that gives misleading information to the adversary. We test the proposed system and show that the generated QR code is (valid) i.e indistinguishable from an ordinary QR code which makes it look innocent and less susceptible to an adversary's attack. Moreover, it is space-efficient, has an acceptable level of noise immunity and is prone to steganalysis attacks.

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“…The more the ratio is, the better is the quality of the stego-image. It is expressed as follows [8], [9].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sahu and Swain [9] also presented two enhanced reversible data hiding (RDH) based systems. Their first system is an enhanced reversible dual images least significant bit (LSB).…”

Section: A Steganographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Steganography of Encrypted Messages Inside Valid QR Codes

et al. 2020

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“…which is a combination of (10) and (11) in Algorithm 3. This equation is different in form from the corresponding one…”

Section: B Proof Of Correctness Of Extracted Secret Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compute the smallest number N k ij of bits to represent dk ij as N k ij = log 2 d k ij + 1(11) where • is the integer floor function; and take N k ij to be the number of bits which presumably were embedded in v k ij of o k ij . (e) Depending on the value of N k ij , perform the operations of one of the following two cases.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Steganography via MIDI Files by Adjusting Velocities of Musical Note Sequences With Monotonically Non-Increasing or Non-Decreasing Pitches

Hsiang

Chen

2019

IEEE Access

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Data hiding techniques for steganography, which embed secret data in multimedia imperceptibly, are useful for protecting information security. By taking advantage of the popularity of MIDI files on the Internet, a new data hiding method via MIDI files is proposed, which modifies the velocities of musical note sequences to embed secret data. Initially, musical note sequences with monotonic pitches, each consisting of at least three consecutive notes with pitches either entirely non-decreasing or entirely non-increasing, are found from an input MIDI file. Next, for each of such musical note sequences, a reference velocity is generated for each non-end note in the sequence by a linear interpolation scheme. Then, a number of data bits are embedded into each non-end note by adding the decimal value of the bits to or subtracting the value from the corresponding reference velocity value to yield a new velocity for the note. The new velocity value does not differ much from the original one and fits the velocity trend in the musical note sequence, so that the resulting stego-MIDI file does not yield abnormal note strengths and the musical expression is kept. Moreover, a melody humanization scheme is proposed for modifying the velocity values in strength-invariant MIDI channels to create data embeddability without producing unreasonable melodies. The original MIDI file size is also kept unchanged after data embedding, avoiding attracting attentions from hackers. Experimental results show the feasibility of the proposed method. Also, a comparison with five other methods show that the method has the merit of reducing the resulting melody distortion or file-size change while yielding a reasonable secret-bit embedding rate.

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“…LSB (Least Significant Bits) information hiding algorithm is a classical one based on spatial information hiding algorithm, which realizes the hiding of secret information by changing the least significant bit of image pixel [6]. In 2019, Aditya Kumar Sahu and Gandharba Swain improved two reversible data hiding (RDH) methods based on dual image least significant bit (LSB) matching and n-rightmost bit replacement (n-RBR) [7]. In their works, peak signal-to-noise ratio (P SN R) and embedding capacity (EC) were improved greatly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Coverless Information Hiding Method Based on the Most Significant Bit of the Cover Image

2020

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With the rapid development of information technology recently, information security has become the focus of public concern. Information Hiding (IH) technology is an effective method to tackle the problem of information leakage incidents. In this paper, a novel coverless information hiding method based on the Most Significant Bit (MSB) of cover image is proposed (CIHMSB). Firstly, the cover image is segmented into a number of fragments. Secondly, in order to use the MSB of cover image to represent the secret information, the average intensity of each fragment is calculated. Thirdly, a one-to-one mapping between the MSB of the image fragment and the secret information is established using the mapping sequence (denote as Km), decided by the sender and the receiver in advance. This process produces a mapping flag (denote as Kf), which is sent by the sender along with the stego image. The objective of the proposed work is to increase hiding capacity, curtail the distortion of the stego image to improve its quality and reduce the Bit Error Rate (BER) of stego image in the case of distortion. Experimental results show that the proposed method can conceal 2601 bits secret information per carrier with peak signal-tonoise ratio (P SN R) of ∞ dB. What's more, some stego image quality assessment parameters, such as structural similarity (SSIM) index and universal image quality index (Qi), are slightly better than existing information hiding methods. Furthermore, the proposed method has good performance against such as AGWN, salt & pepper noise, low-pass filtering and JPEG compression attacks.

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High fidelity based reversible data hiding using modified LSB matching and pixel difference

Cited by 64 publications

References 30 publications

Steganography of Encrypted Messages Inside Valid QR Codes

Steganography of Encrypted Messages Inside Valid QR Codes

Steganography via MIDI Files by Adjusting Velocities of Musical Note Sequences With Monotonically Non-Increasing or Non-Decreasing Pitches

A Novel Coverless Information Hiding Method Based on the Most Significant Bit of the Cover Image

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