High-Fidelity Reproduction of Spatiotemporal Visual Signals for Retinal Prosthesis

Jepson, Lauren H.; Hottowy, Paweł; Weiner, Geoffrey; Dąbrowski, W.; Litke, A. M.; Chichilnisky, E. J.

doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2014.04.044

Cited by 73 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The replication was achieved with high stimulation efficiency (~99%) of individual RGCs and excellent time resolution (~50 µs) [18]. Similar results have been achieved with a 61-electrode Neurostim system applied to primate retina [22]. However, three issues (among others) remain to be resolved.…”

Section: The Retinal Prosthesis Projectsupporting

confidence: 58%

Developments in neural vision technology

Litke¹

2015

Proceedings of 24th International Workshop on Vertex Detectors — PoS(VERTEX2015)

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The visual system is a remarkable neural network that is able to extract vital information about the external visual world. The conversion of the dynamic visual input into processed electrical signals is performed by the retina, an extraordinary biological pixel detector that lines the back of the eye and transmits coded information to the brain. The brain does further processing and generates visual perceptions. In this report, after an introduction to the visual system, I will describe the technology and experimental methods we have developed and employ, in close collaboration with neurobiologists, to probe both the retina and the brain. These methods are based on large-scale multielectrode array systems that can record, and in some cases stimulate, the electrical activity of a large population of neurons. This project was inspired by the development of silicon microstrip detectors for high energy physics experiments.

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Section: The Retinal Prosthesis Projectsupporting

confidence: 58%

Developments in neural vision technology

Litke¹

2015

Proceedings of 24th International Workshop on Vertex Detectors — PoS(VERTEX2015)

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“…Consequently, epiretinal implants that aim at restoring the natural visual code in each retinal ganglion cell [104, 113] should be able to activate individual RGCs without affecting the surrounding cells. Different ganglion cell types were found to have somewhat different activation thresholds in the rabbit retina [112], likely due to differences in sodium-channel bands and other anatomical or physiological properties.…”

Section: Pre-clinical Evaluation Of Prosthetic Visionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another important feature is the perception of motion, which is thought to be transmitted by the parasol retinal ganglion cells in the primate visual system [122, 21]. Accuracy of representation of motion signals with retinal prostheses has, so far, only been explored with epiretinal implants, for which promising results were reported with the elicitation of naturalistic motion stimuli in the peripheral primate retina [113], even though this study did not address the possibility of unwanted axon activation.…”

Section: Pre-clinical Evaluation Of Prosthetic Visionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electronic approaches to restoration of sight

Goetz

Palanker

2016

Rep. Prog. Phys.

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Retinal prostheses are a promising means for restoring sight to patients blinded by the gradual atrophy of photoreceptors due to retinal degeneration. They are designed to reintroduce information into the visual system by electrically stimulating surviving neurons in the retina. This review outlines the concepts and technologies behind two major approaches to retinal prosthetics: epiretinal and subretinal. We describe how the visual system responds to electrical stimulation. We highlight major differences between direct encoding of the retinal output with epiretinal stimulation, and network-mediated response with subretinal stimulation. We summarize results of pre-clinical evaluation of prosthetic visual functions in- and ex-vivo, as well as the outcomes of current clinical trials of various retinal implants. We also briefly review alternative, non-electronic, approaches to restoration of sight to the blind, and conclude by suggesting some perspectives for future advancement in the field.

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“…Recently, current steering has been tested to modify the activity of ganglion cells in the isolated retina, as well as in vivo suprachoroidal retinal stimulation. [35][36][37] In this study, we implanted fine needle-type electrodes into the rabbit ON and simultaneously stimulated the paired electrodes with a current distribution that was between the two electrodes and was varied with a steering coefficient, a. We assessed changes in the pattern of cortical activity and systematically studied the properties of the cortical response to the current steering strategy.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrically Evoked Responses in the Rabbit Cortex Induced by Current Steering With Penetrating Optic Nerve Electrodes

Yan

et al. 2016

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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PURPOSE. Current steering is a neural stimulation strategy that uses simultaneous stimulation of adjacent electrodes to produce additional intermediate stimulation sites and thus improves spatial resolution. We investigated the feasibility of current steering using electrophysiological and computational methods after implanting paired penetrating electrodes into the rabbit's optic nerve (ON). METHODS.Penetrating electrodes at different interelectrode distances were implanted into the ON and electrically evoked cortical potentials (EEPs) in V1 recorded with a 6 3 8 array. The current thresholds, EEP amplitudes, and spatial distributions were analyzed during current steering. Computational simulation studies were performed based on finite element models to calculate the area and spatial distribution of recruited ON fibers using a current steering stimulation strategy. RESULTS.Threshold reduction and EEP amplitude enhancement were found with simultaneous stimulation of closely spaced electrode pairs. Spatially shifted cortical responses were achieved using current steering, whereas the amplitudes and spatial spreads of the responses were similar to that elicited by a single electrode. Computational simulations suggested that the centroid of the ON recruitment area could be modulated by current steering while the total recruitment area did not show any appreciable variability at a fixed current intensity.CONCLUSIONS. Current steering is a useful strategy to enhance the spatial resolution of an ON prosthesis without increasing the number of physical electrodes. This study provides useful information for optimizing the design of stimulation strategies with a penetrating ON prosthesis.

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High-Fidelity Reproduction of Spatiotemporal Visual Signals for Retinal Prosthesis

Cited by 73 publications

References 34 publications

Developments in neural vision technology

Developments in neural vision technology

Electronic approaches to restoration of sight

Electrically Evoked Responses in the Rabbit Cortex Induced by Current Steering With Penetrating Optic Nerve Electrodes

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