High-frequency acoustic backscattering from a coarse shell ocean bottom

Stanic, Steve; Briggs, Kevin B.; Fleischer, Peter; Sawyer, William; Ray, Richard I.

doi:10.1121/1.397720

Cited by 70 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…SPI images confirm the ubiquity and abundance of shell fragments on the surface of the sediment. Their influence on the backscatter level has been demonstrated as essential (Stanic et al 1988).…”

Section: Kwinte Reference Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of the repeatability of high frequency multibeam echosounder backscatter by using natural reference areas

Roche¹,

Degrendele²,

Vrignaud

et al. 2018

Mar Geophys Res

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The increased use of backscatter measurements in time series for environmental monitoring necessitates the comparability of individual results. With the current lack of pre-calibrated multibeam echosounder systems for absolute backscatter measurement, a pragmatic solution is the use of natural reference areas for ensuring regular assessment of the backscatter measurement repeatability. This method mainly relies on the assumption of a sufficiently stable reference area regarding its backscatter signature. The aptitude of a natural area to provide a stable and uniform backscatter response must be carefully considered and demonstrated by a sufficiently long time-series of measurements. Furthermore, this approach requires a strict control of the acquisition and processing parameters. If all these conditions are met, stability check and relative calibration of a system are possible by comparison with the averaged backscatter values for the area. Based on a common multibeam echosounder and sampling campaign completed by available bathymetric and backscatter time series, the suitability as a backscatter reference area of three different candidates was evaluated. Two among them, Carré Renard and Kwinte, prove to be excellent choices, while the third one, Western Solent, lacks sufficient data over time, but remains a valuable candidate. The case studies and the available backscatter data on these areas prove the applicability of this method. The expansion of the number of commonly used reference areas and the growth of the number of multibeam echosounder controlled thereon could greatly contribute to the further development of quantitative applications based on multibeam echosounder backscatter measurements.

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Section: Kwinte Reference Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of the repeatability of high frequency multibeam echosounder backscatter by using natural reference areas

Roche¹,

Degrendele²,

Vrignaud

et al. 2018

Mar Geophys Res

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“…In these papers, backscattering measurements are reported for the frequency range of 20-180 kHz and for grazing angles of 5 -30 . A single sediment type is considered in each: coarse sand in [8], fine sand in [6], and a sediment characterized by a 2-cm layer of coarse shell overlying medium sand in [7]. In [3], bottom backscattering measurements are reported for three bottom types, viz., a fine sand, a silt, and a silt-clay bottom.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multivariate Correlation Analysis of High- Frequency Bottom Backscattering Strength Measurements With Geotechnical Parameters

Simons

Snellen

Ainslie

2007

IEEE J. Oceanic Eng.

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“…Equation ͑14͒ and geometric scattering data in this paper ͑Fig. 11͒ were used to make predictions for area scattering strength and compared with scattering data collected by Jackson et al ͑1986͒ andStanic et al ͑1989͒. In those papers, data were presented involving sound scatter at 20-50 and 20-180 kHz, respectively, by sections of the seafloor that were covered with a dense layer of shells.…”

Section: A Seafloormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, pteropods are a group of gastropod molluscar zooplankton that swim throughout the water column and other gastropod groups reside on the seafloor. There has been significant evidence that these animals can influence or even dominate the volume and seafloor reverberation, respectively, when present ͑Wiebe et , 1997Jackson et al, 1986;Stanic et al, 1989;Zhang, 1996͒. The main issue in modeling the acoustic scattering by the shelled bodies is that their shape is so complex. In addition, few measurements of the material properties are available for use in the modeling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acoustic scattering by benthic and planktonic shelled animals

Stanton

Chu

Wiebe

et al. 2000

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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Acoustic backscattering measurements and associated scattering modeling were recently conducted on a type of benthic shelled animal that has a spiral form of shell ͑Littorina littorea͒. Benthic and planktonic shelled animals with this shape occur on the seafloor and in the water column, respectively, and can be a significant source of acoustic scattering in the ocean. Modeling of the scattering properties allows reverberation predictions to be made for sonar performance predictions as well as for detection and classification of animals for biological and ecological applications. The studies involved measurements over the frequency range 24 kHz to 1 MHz and all angles of orientation in as small as 1°increments. This substantial data set is quite revealing of the physics of the acoustic scattering by these complex shelled bodies and served as a basis for the modeling. Specifically, the resonance structure of the scattering was strongly dependent upon angle of orientation and could be traced to various types of rays ͑e.g., subsonic Lamb waves and rays entering the opercular opening͒. The data are analyzed in both the frequency and time domain ͑compressed pulse processing͒ so that dominant scattering mechanisms could be identified. Given the complexity of the animal body ͑irregular elastic shell with discontinuities͒, approximate scattering models are used with only the dominant scattering properties retained. Two models are applied to the data, both approximating the body as a deformed sphere: ͑1͒ an averaged form of the exact modal-series-based solution for the spherical shell, which is used to estimate the backscattering by a deformed shell averaged over all angles of orientation, and produces reasonably accurate predictions over all k 1 a esr ͑k 1 is the acoustic wave number of the surrounding water and a esr is the equivalent spherical radius of the body͒, and ͑2͒ a ray-based formula which is used to estimate the scattering at fixed angle of orientation, but only for high k 1 a esr . The ray-based model is an extension of a model recently developed for the shelled zooplankton Limacina retroversa that has a shape similar to that of the Littorina littorea but swims through the water ͓Stanton et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 103, 236-253 ͑1998b͔͒. Applications of remote detection and classification of the seafloor and water column in the presence of shelled animals are discussed.

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High-frequency acoustic backscattering from a coarse shell ocean bottom

Cited by 70 publications

References 0 publications

Control of the repeatability of high frequency multibeam echosounder backscatter by using natural reference areas

Control of the repeatability of high frequency multibeam echosounder backscatter by using natural reference areas

A Multivariate Correlation Analysis of High- Frequency Bottom Backscattering Strength Measurements With Geotechnical Parameters

Acoustic scattering by benthic and planktonic shelled animals

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