High-Frequency Autorotational Testing of the Vestibulo-ocular Reflex

O'Leary, Dennis P.; Davis, Linda Lindsey

doi:10.1016/s0733-8619(18)30357-8

Cited by 65 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Eye movements are recorded using EOG and head movements are recorded using a velocity rate sensor attached to the head. It was originally developed in part to allow testing of the VOR high-frequency responses from 2 to 6 Hz, 52,53 which are encountered during normal locomotion. 19,20 Because many patients can turn their head from side to side at frequencies of greater than 1 Hz, it was reasoned that eye and head movements could be recorded during such voluntary head motions and the expense of rotational chair testing could be avoided.…”

Section: Active Head Rotational Testing (Ahr) (Patient-generated Rotmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AHR has been utilized in the diagnosis of Menière's disease, 53 There is no convincing evidence that AHR can correctly identify the abnormal labyrinth in Menière's disease. In a study of AHR testing from 2 to 6 Hz in patients with Menière's disease, 85% had some abnormality of gain or phase, but only above 5.0 Hz, and the test was not helpful in identifying the affected ear.…”

Section: Active Head Rotational Testing (Ahr) (Patient-generated Rotmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment: Vestibular testing techniques in adults and children [RETIRED]

Fife¹,

Tusa²,

Furman³

et al. 2000

Neurology

221

110

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Overview. Neurologists are frequently called upon to evaluate patients with vertigo and dizziness and, in some cases, to make sense of abnormal vestibular tests. Consequently, it is useful to have some familiarity with the methods used to test vestibular function.The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) is a reflex that acts at short latency to generate eye movements that compensate for head rotations in order to preserve clear vision during locomotion. The VOR is the most accessible gauge of vestibular function. Evaluating the VOR requires application of a vestibular stimulus and measurement of the resulting eye movements.This report reviews the advantages and limitations of the methods of stimulating the vestibular system: caloric irrigation, rotational chair testing, and auto-rotational testing. Vestibular testing in children is given additional consideration because of the paucity of recent reviews on the topic. This report will not address eye movement recording techniques, the neurophysiology of the VOR, which is reviewed elsewhere, 1,2 or interpretation of nystagmus.Literature review. This evidence-based assessment was developed from a review of published articles obtained through the MEDLINE database of the National Library of Medicine. Relevant publications were rated by the strength of evidence according to a scheme approved by the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology (see Appendix 2).

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Section: Active Head Rotational Testing (Ahr) (Patient-generated Rotmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Active Head Rotational Testing (Ahr) (Patient-generated Rotmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment: Vestibular testing techniques in adults and children [RETIRED]

Fife¹,

Tusa²,

Furman³

et al. 2000

Neurology

221

110

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show abstract

“…The vestibular autorotational test (VAT) was developed and described by O'Leary and Davis [49]. This test utilizes the patients' active head movements at various frequencies (0.5-6 Hz) to test both the horizontal and the vertical VOR and to compute their gain and phase.…”

Section: Vestibular Autoratational Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All three stages of stimulus transduction: mechanical, receptive and neuronal, are revisited in recent studies, and these findings are analyzed in the present paper. The head impulse test of Halmagyi and his colleagues, the high frequency head oscillations using special helmet [Tabak et al, 1995[Tabak et al, , 1997a, the autorotation test [O'Leary, 1990;Hirvonen 1998], the technique of recording vestibular evoked potentials to acceleration impulses [Elidan at al.] are discussed.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ces données nouvelles sont analysées dans ce travail. Le test d'impulsion de la tête de Halmagyi et ses collègues, les oscillations de la tête à haute fréquen-ce à l'aide d'un casque spécial [Tabak et al, 1995[Tabak et al, , 1997a, le test d'autorotation de la tête [O'Leary, 1990;Hirvonen, 1998], la technique d'enregistrement des potentiels évoqués vestibulaires en réponse à des accélérations par impulsion [Elidan et al] sont discutés. Malgré quelques lacunes dans les connaissances, la valeur diagnostique des stimulations de haute fréquence et de forte intensité est déjà éviden-te.…”

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The Contribution of High-Frequency Stimulation in Vestibular Testing

Elidan¹,

Rodionov²

2001

Otorhinolaryngol Nova

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Recently it was shown that abrupt head acceleration impulses induce short latency response in the neuronal pathways of the vestibular system and a short latency vestibulooculomotor response. This phenomenon cannot be explained only with the frame of the classical torsion pendulum model of the cupuloendolymphatic system and passive reaction of the vestibular receptors to the cupular displacement. All three stages of stimulus transduction: mechanical, receptive and neuronal, are revisited in recent studies, and these findings are analyzed in the present paper. The head impulse test of Halmagyi and his colleagues, the high frequency head oscillations using special helmet [Tabak et al., 1995, 1997a, b], the autorotation test [O’Leary, 1990; Hirvonen 1998], the technique of recording vestibular evoked potentials to acceleration impulses [Elidan at al.] are discussed. In spite of some deficits in our knowledge, the exclusive diagnostic value of the high-frequency and high-intensity (impulse) stimuli became already obvious. It is concluded that the proper differentiation between the mechanical, receptor and afferent neuronal parts of the vestibular end organ may be achieved only by applying stimuli with different frequency content. Further investigations are requested to elucidate the specific mechanisms of vestibular sensitivity to the different stimuli used for this purpose, and the possible directions of these studies are discussed.

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Spinocerebellar ataxia type 6: Gaze‐evoked and vertical nystagmus, Purkinje cell degeneration, and variable age of onset

Gómez

Thompson

Gammack

et al. 1997

Annals of Neurology

259

188

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Spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 (SCA6) was recently identified as a form of autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia associated with small expansions of the trinucleotide repeat (CAG)n in the gene CACNL1A4 on chromosome 19p13, which encodes the alpha1 subunit of a P/Q-type voltage-gated calcium channel. We describe clinical, genetic, neuroimaging, neuropathological, and quantitative oculomotor studies in four kindreds with SCA6. We found strong genetic linkage of the disease to the CACNL1A4 locus and strong association with the expanded (CAG)n alleles in two large ataxia kindreds. The expanded alleles were all of a single size (repeat number) within the two large kindreds, numbering 22 and 23 repeat units. It is noteworthy that the age of onset of ataxia ranged from 24 to 63 years among all affected individuals, despite the uniform repeat number. Radiographically and pathologically, there was selective atrophy of the cerebellum and extensive loss of Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex. In addition, clinical and quantitative measurement of extraocular movements demonstrated a characteristic pattern of ocular motor and vestibular abnormalities, including horizontal and vertical nystagmus and an abnormal vestibulo-ocular reflex. These studies identify a distinct phenotype associated with this newly recognized form of dominant SCA.

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High-Frequency Autorotational Testing of the Vestibulo-ocular Reflex

Cited by 65 publications

References 25 publications

Assessment: Vestibular testing techniques in adults and children [RETIRED]

Assessment: Vestibular testing techniques in adults and children [RETIRED]

The Contribution of High-Frequency Stimulation in Vestibular Testing

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 6: Gaze‐evoked and vertical nystagmus, Purkinje cell degeneration, and variable age of onset

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