High frequency electromagnetic fields (GSM signals) affect gene expression levels in tumor suppressor p53‐deficient embryonic stem cells

Czyż, Jarosław; Guan, Kaomei; Zeng, Qinghua; Nikolova, Teodora; Meister, Armin; Schönborn, Frank; Schuderer, Jürgen; Kuster, Niels; Wobus, Anna M.

doi:10.1002/bem.10199

Cited by 111 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…EMF is a recent addition to the list of physical stimuli. It was initially shown in the power frequency (extremely low frequency, ELF) range [13], but shortly afterwards, radio frequency (RF) fields [15] and amplitude modulated RF fields [16] were shown to activate the same stress response.…”

Section: Physiological Stress and Cellular Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This may also be true of cancer cells, although some (e.g., MCF7 breast cancer cells) have responded to EMF [38,39], and in HL60 cells, one cell line responds to EMF while another does not [24]. Czyz et al [16] found that p53-deficient embryonic stem cells showed an increased EMF response, but the wild type did not.…”

Section: Cells Affected By the Stress Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

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Electromagnetic fields stress living cells

2009

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Electromagnetic fields (EMF), in both ELF (extremely low frequency) and radio frequency (RF) ranges, activate the cellular stress response, a protective mechanism that induces the expression of stress response genes, e.g., HSP70, and increased levels of stress proteins, e.g., hsp70. The 20 different stress protein families are evolutionarily conserved and act as 'chaperones' in the cell when they 'help' repair and refold damaged proteins and transport them across cell membranes. Induction of the stress response involves activation of DNA, and despite the large difference in energy between ELF and RF, the same cellular pathways respond in both frequency ranges. Specific DNA sequences on the promoter of the HSP70 stress gene are responsive to EMF, and studies with model biochemical systems suggest that EMF could interact directly with electrons in DNA. While low energy EMF interacts with DNA to induce the stress response, increasing EMF energy in the RF range can lead to breaks in DNA strands. It is clear that in order to protect living cells, EMF safety limits must be changed from the current thermal standard, based on energy, to one based on biological responses that occur long before the threshold for thermal changes. © 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: DNA; Biosynthesis; Electromagnetic fields; ELF; RF Electromagnetic fields (EMF) alter protein synthesisUntil recently, genetic information stored in DNA was considered essentially invulnerable to change as it was passed on from parent to progeny. Mutations, such as those caused by cosmic radiation at the most energetic end of the EM spectrum, were thought to be relatively infrequent. The model of gene regulation was believed to be that the negatively charged DNA was tightly wrapped up in the nucleus with positively charged histones, and that most genes were 'turned off' most of the time. Of course, different regions of the DNA code are being read more or less all the time to replenish essential Abbreviations: EMF, electromagnetic fields; Hz, hertz; ELF, extremely low frequency; RF, radio frequency; MAPK, mitogen activated protein kinase; ERK1\2, extracellular signal regulated kinase; JNK, c-Jun-terminal kinase p38MAPK; SAPK, stress activated protein kinase; NADH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase; ROS, reactive oxygen species.* Corresponding author at: Department of Physiology, Columbia Univer- proteins that have broken down and those needed during cell division. New insights into the structure and function of DNA have resulted from numerous, well-done laboratory studies. The demonstration that EMF induces gene expression and the synthesis of specific proteins [1,2] generated considerable controversy from power companies, government agencies, physicists, and most recently, cell phone companies. Physicists have insisted that the reported results were not possible because there was not enough energy in the power frequency range (ELF) to activate DNA. They were thinking solely of mechanical interaction with a large molec...

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Section: Physiological Stress and Cellular Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cells Affected By the Stress Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Electromagnetic fields stress living cells

2009

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“…However, these changes are not seen in several other cell types . RF fields have also been reported to up-regulate expression of HSP70 protein in a p53-deficient mouse embryonic stem cell line [Czyz et al, 2004], though this effect was not seen in the presence of functional p53. These findings are supported by several gene-array studies showing significant shifts in the expression of a small subset of genes following RF irradiation [e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous wave and simulated GSM exposure at 1.8 W/kg and 1.8 GHz do not induce hsp16‐1 heat‐shock gene expression in Caenorhabditis elegans

Dawe¹,

Nylund²,

Leszczyński³

et al. 2007

Bioelectromagnetics

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Recent data suggest that there might be a subtle thermal explanation for the apparent induction by radiofrequency (RF) radiation of transgene expression from a small heat‐shock protein (hsp16‐1) promoter in the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans. The RF fields used in the C. elegans study were much weaker (SAR 5–40 mW kg−1) than those routinely tested in many other published studies (SAR ∼2 W kg−1). To resolve this disparity, we have exposed the same transgenic hsp16‐1::lacZ strain of C. elegans (PC72) to higher intensity RF fields (1.8 GHz; SAR ∼1.8 W kg−1). For both continuous wave (CW) and Talk‐pulsed RF exposures (2.5 h at 25 °C), there was no indication that RF exposure could induce reporter expression above sham control levels. Thus, at much higher induced RF field strength (close to the maximum permitted exposure from a mobile telephone handset), this particular nematode heat‐shock gene is not up‐regulated. However, under conditions where background reporter expression was moderately elevated in the sham controls (perhaps as a result of some unknown co‐stressor), we found some evidence that reporter expression may be reduced by ∼15% following exposure to either Talk‐pulsed or CW RF fields. Bioelectromagnetics 29:92–99, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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“…Mainly the interest of researchers is concentrated on genes coding the proteins connected with the process of regulation of gene activity, for instance, the proteins c-jun, c-myc; or proteins connected with stress reaction of cells, first of all so-called heat shock proteins, for instance, hsp-70; or very important regulatory proteins p53 and p21. There are evidences of microwave exposure (1,71 GHz) influence on hsp70, c-jun, c-myc, and p21 levels in p53-deficient cells, but not in wild-type cells [79]. The EMF-induced changes of the transcript level of cell cycle regulatory and apoptosis-related genes were shown [80,81].…”

Section: The Action Of Emf On Intracellular Regulatory Systemsmentioning

confidence: 96%

The Main Approaches of Studying the Mechanisms of Action of Artificial Electromagnetic Fields on Cell

Shckorbatov¹

2014

J Elec Electron Syst

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High frequency electromagnetic fields (GSM signals) affect gene expression levels in tumor suppressor p53‐deficient embryonic stem cells

Cited by 111 publications

References 41 publications

Electromagnetic fields stress living cells

Electromagnetic fields stress living cells

Continuous wave and simulated GSM exposure at 1.8 W/kg and 1.8 GHz do not induce hsp16‐1 heat‐shock gene expression in Caenorhabditis elegans

The Main Approaches of Studying the Mechanisms of Action of Artificial Electromagnetic Fields on Cell

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