High Frequency-High Temperature Ultrasonic Transducers

Patel, N. D.; Fulford, S. X.; Nicholson, Patrick S.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-5772-8_104

Cited by 28 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Further, tests of bulk single crystal AlN in a TRIGA Training, Research, Isotopes, General Atomics (TRIGA) nuclear reactor core showed this material to be completely unaffected by fast and thermal neutron fluences of 1.85 x 10 18 n/cm 2 and 5.8 x 10 18 n/cm 2 , respectively, and a gamma dose of 26.8 MGy [9]. This work, along with that of Yano [16] and Ito [17], have indicated that the 14 N(n,p) 14 C is not of concern; and AlN is an excellent candidate material.…”

Section: ) Aluminum Nitridementioning

confidence: 93%

“…In fact, the work of Parks and Tittmann with this material is the first of its sort. In the past, thin film AlN has been shown to be unaffected by gamma irradiation up to 18.7 MGy [13] and temperatures of 1000 C. [14,15] Moreover, this material has been explicitly cited in numerous independent studies as a highly radiation tolerant ceramic [12]. This is thought to be at least partially due to its wurzite crystal structure.…”

Section: ) Aluminum Nitridementioning

confidence: 99%

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Irradiation testing of ultrasonic transducers

Daw

Tittmann

Reinhardt

et al. 2013

2013 3rd International Conference on Advancements in Nuclear Instrumentation, Measurement Methods and Their Applications (ANIMM

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Abstract-Ultrasonic technologies offer the potential for high accuracy and resolution in-pile measurement of numerous parameters, including geometry changes, temperature, crack initiation and growth, gas pressure and composition, and microstructural changes. Many Department of Energy-Office of Nuclear Energy (DOE-NE) programs are exploring the use of ultrasonic technologies to provide enhanced sensors for in-pile instrumentation during irradiation testing. For example, the ability of single, small diameter ultrasonic thermometers (UTs) to provide a temperature profile in candidate metallic and oxide fuel would provide much needed data for validating new fuel performance models.Other efforts include an ultrasonic technique to detect morphology changes (such as crack initiation and growth) and acoustic techniques to evaluate fission gas composition and pressure. These efforts are limited by the lack of existing knowledge of ultrasonic transducer material survivability under irradiation conditions. To address this need, the Pennsylvania State University (PSU) was awarded an Advanced Test Reactor National Scientific User Facility (ATR NSUF) project to evaluate promising magnetostrictive and piezoelectric transducer performance in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Research Reactor (MITR)up to a fast fluence of at least 10 21 n/cm 2 (E> 0.1 MeV). This test will be an instrumented lead test; and real-time transducer performance data will be collected along with temperature and neutron and gamma flux data. By characterizing magnetostrictive and piezoelectric transducer survivability during irradiation, test results will enable the development of novel radiation tolerant ultrasonic sensors for use in Material and Test Reactors (MTRs). The current work bridges the gap between proven out-of-pile ultrasonic techniques and in-pile deployment of ultrasonic sensors by acquiring the data necessary to demonstrate the performance of ultrasonic transducers.

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Section: ) Aluminum Nitridementioning

confidence: 93%

Section: ) Aluminum Nitridementioning

confidence: 99%

Irradiation testing of ultrasonic transducers

Daw

Tittmann

Reinhardt

et al. 2013

2013 3rd International Conference on Advancements in Nuclear Instrumentation, Measurement Methods and Their Applications (ANIMM

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“…The wurtzite structure has three independent components in the piezoelectric tensor, e 33 , e 13 , and e 15 . The final component e 15 is related to shear strain which is not expected to be of great importance for a thin film, since it is so flat.…”

Section: Stress Strain Electric Displacementmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Theoretical Study of Piezoelectricity, Phase Stability, and Surface Diffusion in Disordered Multicomponent Nitrides

Tholander¹

2014

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Disordered multicomponent nitride thin film can be used for various applications. The focus of this Licentiate Thesis lies on the theoretical study of piezoelectric properties, phase stability and surface diffusion in multifunctional hard coating nitrides using density functional theory (DFT).Piezoelectric thin films show great promise for microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), such as surface acoustic wave resonators or energy harvesters. One of the main benefits of nitride based piezoelectric devices is the much higher thermal stability compared to the commonly used lead zirconate titanate (PZT) based materials. This makes the nitride based material more suitable for application in, e.g., jet engines.The discovery that alloying AlN with ScN can increase the piezoelectric response more than 500% due to a phase competition between the wurtzite phase in AlN and the hexagonal phase in ScN, provides a fundamental basis for constructing highly responsive piezoelectric thin films. This approach was utilized on the neighboring nitride binaries, where ScN or YN was alloyed with AlN, GaN, or InN. It established the general role of volume matching the binaries to easily achieve a structural instability in order to obtain a maximum increase of the piezoelectric response. For Sc 0.5 Ga 0.5 N this increase is more than 900%, compared to GaN. Y 1−x In x N is, however, the most promising alloy with the highest resulting piezoelectric response seconded only by Sc 0.5 Al 0.5 N.Phase stability and lattice parameters (stress-strain states) of the Y 1−x Al x N alloy have been calculated in combination with experimental synthesis.Hard protective coatings based on nitride thin films have been used in industrial applications for a long time. Two of the most successful coatings are TiN and the metastable Ti 1−x Al x N. Although these two materials have been extensively investigated both experimentally and theoretically, at the atomic level little is known about Ti 1−x Al x N diffusion properties. This is in large part due to problems with configurational disorder in the alloy, because Ti and Al atoms are placed randomly at cation positions in the lattice, considerably increasing the complexity of the problem. To deal with this issues, we have used special quasi-random structure (SQS) models, as well as studying dilute concentrations of Al.One of the most important mechanisms related to the growth of Ti 1−x Al x N is surface diffusion. Because Ti 1−x Al x N is a metastable material it has to be grown iii iv as a thin film with methods such as physical vapor deposition (PVD), in which surface diffusion plays a pivotal role in determining the microstructure evolution of the film.In this work, the surface energetics and mobility of Ti and Al adatoms on a disordered Ti 0.5 Al 0.5 N(0 0 1) surface are studied. Also the effects on the adatom energetics of Ti, Al, and N by the substitution of one Ti with an Al surface atom in TiN(0 0 1), TiN(0 1 1), and TiN(1 1 1) surfaces is studied. This provides an indepth atomistic understanding o...

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“…In the past, thin film AlN has been shown to be unaffected by gamma irradiation up to 18.7 MGy 35 and temperatures of 1000 °C. 36,37 Moreover, this material has been explicitly cited in numerous independent studies as a highly radiation tolerant ceramic. 38 Further, tests of bulk single crystal AlN in a TRIGA nuclear reactor core showed this material to be completely unaffected by a fast and thermal neutron fluence of 1.85x10 18 The literature review has revealed bismuth titanate to be the most promising material tested to date.…”

Section: Aluminum Nitride (Aln)mentioning

confidence: 99%

NEET In-Pile Ultrasonic Sensor Enablement-FY-2013

Daw¹,

Rempe²,

Palmer³

et al. 2013

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SUMMARYSeveral programs funded by the Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy (DOE-NE), such as the Fuel Cycle Research and Development, Advanced Reactor Concepts, Light Water Reactor Sustainability, and Next Generation Nuclear Plant programs, are investigating new fuels and materials for advanced and existing reactors. A key objective of such programs is to understand the performance of these fuels and materials when irradiated. The Nuclear Energy Enabling Technology (NEET) Advanced Sensors and Instrumentation (ASI) in-pile instrumentation development activities are focused upon addressing cross-cutting needs for DOE-NE irradiation testing by providing higher fidelity, real-time data, with increased accuracy and resolution from smaller, compact sensors that are less intrusive.Ultrasonic technologies offer the potential to measure a range of parameters, including geometry changes, temperature, crack initiation and growth, gas pressure and composition, and microstructural changes under harsh irradiation test conditions. There are two primary issues that currently limit in-pile deployment of ultrasonic sensors. The first is transducer survivability. The ability of ultrasonic transducer materials to maintain their useful properties during an irradiation must be demonstrated. The second issue is signal processing. Ultrasonic testing is typically performed in a lab or field environment, where the sensor and sample are accessible. The harsh nature of in-pile testing and the variety of measurements that are desired demand that an enhanced signal processing capability be developed to make in-pile ultrasonic sensors viable. To address these issues, the NEET ASI program is funding the Ultrasonic Transducer Irradiation and Signal Processing Enhancements project, which is a collaborative effort between the Idaho National Laboratory, the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, the Argonne National Laboratory, and the Pennsylvania State University (PSU). As summarized within this document, significant work has been accomplished during the first two years of this three year project:• Transducer Irradiation Test -The first task of this project supports efforts to develop a test capsule design and define irradiation conditions for evaluating most promising candidate piezoelectric and magnetostrictive transducer materials and designs. In July FY-2012, the ATR NSUF announced that a proposal led by PSU for irradiating ultrasonic transducers was selected, and the irradiation would occur in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Nuclear Research Reactor (MITR). Subsequent project efforts have focused on developing a capsule design and on identifying appropriate test conditions, identifying transducers for inclusion in the capsule, appropriate post-irradiation examinations, and performing out-of-pile laboratory tests needed to support the irradiation. As documented in this report, the irradiation test builds on prior research and exceeds previous tests in terms of the number of materials tested and accumulated fluence. The pur...

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High Frequency-High Temperature Ultrasonic Transducers

Cited by 28 publications

References 1 publication

Irradiation testing of ultrasonic transducers

Irradiation testing of ultrasonic transducers

A Theoretical Study of Piezoelectricity, Phase Stability, and Surface Diffusion in Disordered Multicomponent Nitrides

NEET In-Pile Ultrasonic Sensor Enablement-FY-2013

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