High-frequency neural activity and human cognition: Past, present and possible future of intracranial EEG research

Lachaux, Jean Philippe; Axmacher, Nikolai; Mormann, Florian; Halgren, Eric; Crone, Nathan E.

doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2012.06.008

Cited by 432 publications

(440 citation statements)

References 253 publications

(315 reference statements)

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“…In that sense, our study also contradicts a recent claim that readers are unlikely to experience an auditory image of a written text, unless the text corresponds to sentences spoken by people whose voice is familiar (Kurby et al, 2009). We show that participants produce inner voice even when reading narrative with no identified speaker.…”

Section: Possible Role Of the Inner Voice During Readingcontrasting

confidence: 89%

“…even though participants were not explicitly encouraged to use auditory imagery. Understandably, most studies so far have used task designs emphasizing covert pronunciation, such as rhyme and phoneme detection tasks (Cousin et al, 2007, Khateb et al, 2007Perrone-Bertolotti et al, 2011) to maximize the imagery component. Our task did not emphasize mental pronunciation and therefore confirms the conclusion of Yao et al (2011): reading spontaneously elicits auditory processing in the absence of any auditory stimulation (Linden et al, 2011), which might indicate that readers spontaneously use auditory images.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Until recently, AVI had received little interest from experimental psychology and cognitive neuroscience (Kurby et al, 2009;Yao et al, 2011). Yet, it is one of the most striking examples of cross talk between sensory modalities, as written words produce a vivid auditory experience almost effortlessly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How Silent Is Silent Reading? Intracerebral Evidence for Top-Down Activation of Temporal Voice Areas during Reading

et al. 2012

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As you might experience it while reading this sentence, silent reading often involves an imagery speech component: we can hear our own "inner voice" pronouncing words mentally. Recent functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have associated that component with increased metabolic activity in the auditory cortex, including voice-selective areas. It remains to be determined, however, whether this activation arises automatically from early bottom-up visual inputs or whether it depends on late top-down control processes modulated by task demands. To answer this question, we collaborated with four epileptic human patients recorded with intracranial electrodes in the auditory cortex for therapeutic purposes, and measured high-frequency (50 -150 Hz) "gamma" activity as a proxy of population level spiking activity. Temporal voice-selective areas (TVAs) were identified with an auditory localizer task and monitored as participants viewed words flashed on screen. We compared neural responses depending on whether words were attended or ignored and found a significant increase of neural activity in response to words, strongly enhanced by attention. In one of the patients, we could record that response at 800 ms in TVAs, but also at 700 ms in the primary auditory cortex and at 300 ms in the ventral occipital temporal cortex. Furthermore, single-trial analysis revealed a considerable jitter between activation peaks in visual and auditory cortices. Altogether, our results demonstrate that the multimodal mental experience of reading is in fact a heterogeneous complex of asynchronous neural responses, and that auditory and visual modalities often process distinct temporal frames of our environment at the same time.

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Section: Possible Role Of the Inner Voice During Readingcontrasting

confidence: 89%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

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How Silent Is Silent Reading? Intracerebral Evidence for Top-Down Activation of Temporal Voice Areas during Reading

et al. 2012

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“…Unlike research in stroke patients, in patients with epilepsy, it is possible to assess the multiple mechanisms of reorganization at different times, including 'chronic' reorganization induced by the epilepsy, 'acute' reorganization induced by surgery, and 'subacute' and 'secondary chronic' reorganization several months or years after surgery. This multimodal approach to evaluate the representation of language is standard for the assessment of language plasticity in epilepsy in our clinical environment (Baciu et al, 2001;Lachaux et al, 2007aLachaux et al, , 2012Jerbi et al, 2010;David et al, 2011David et al, , 2013Vidal et al, 2011;Perrone-Bertolotti et al, 2014). In practice, patients undergo extensive behavioral, neuropsychological, functional, and structural neuroimaging examination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What do patients with epilepsy tell us about language dynamics? A review of fMRI studies

Baciu

Perrone‐Bertolotti

2015

Reviews in the Neurosciences

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AbstractThe objective of this review is to resume major neuroimaging findings on language organization and plasticity in patients with focal and refractory epilepsy, to discuss the effect of modulatory variables that should be considered alongside patterns of reorganization, and to propose possible models of language reorganization. The focal and refractory epilepsy provides a real opportunity to investigate various types of language reorganization in different conditions. The ‘chronic’ condition (induced by the epileptogenic zone or EZ) is associated with either recruitment of homologous regions of the opposite hemisphere or recruitment of intrahemispheric, nonlinguistic regions. In the ‘acute’ condition (neurosurgery and EZ resection), the initial interhemispheric shift (induced by the chronic EZ) could follow a reverse direction, back to the initial hemisphere. These different patterns depend on several modulatory factors and are associated with various levels of language performance. As a neuroimaging tool, functional magnetic resonance imaging enables the detailed investigation of both hemispheres simultaneously and allows for comparison with healthy controls, potentially creating a more comprehensive and more realistic picture of brain-language relations. Importantly, functional neuroimaging approaches demonstrate a good degree of concordance on a theoretical level, but also a considerable degree of individual variability, attesting to the clinical importance with these methods to establish, empirically, language localization in individual patients. Overall, the unique features of epilepsy, combined with ongoing advances in technology, promise further improvement in understanding of language substrate.

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“…High-gamma (HG, ;60-200 Hz) power changes have been demonstrated to be a robust and reliable index of task-related activation of cortical populations of neurons with high spatial and temporal specificity. 13,14 The STFM system builds upon previous passive ECoG mapping software [15][16][17][18] by providing a trialbased framework for online display and statistical validation of HG dynamics.…”

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confidence: 99%

Spatial-temporal functional mapping of language at the bedside with electrocorticography

et al. 2016

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Objective: To investigate the feasibility and clinical utility of using passive electrocorticography (ECoG) for online spatial-temporal functional mapping (STFM) of language cortex in patients being monitored for epilepsy surgery.Methods: We developed and tested an online system that exploits ECoG's temporal resolution to display the evolution of statistically significant high gamma (70-110 Hz) responses across all recording sites activated by a discrete cognitive task. We illustrate how this spatial-temporal evolution can be used to study the function of individual recording sites engaged during different language tasks, and how this approach can be particularly useful for mapping eloquent cortex.Results: Using electrocortical stimulation mapping (ESM) as the clinical gold standard for localizing language cortex, the average sensitivity and specificity of online STFM across 7 patients were 69.9% and 83.5%, respectively. Moreover, relative to regions of interest where discrete cortical lesions have most reliably caused language impairments in the literature, the sensitivity of STFM was significantly greater than that of ESM, while its specificity was also greater than that of ESM, though not significantly so. Functional human brain mapping is commonly performed during or prior to invasive brain surgery for the treatment of drug-refractory epilepsy 1,2 and brain tumors. 3 The current gold standard, electrocortical stimulation mapping (ESM), is time-consuming 4,5 and often induces afterdischarges or seizures. 4,6,7 Additionally, it is difficult to rule out distant effects through diaschisis or action potentials evoked by stimulation.7-9 These limitations have long motivated the investigation of passive electrocorticographic (ECoG) recordings as a tool for rapidly and safely mapping cortical function prior to resective surgery. 10-12Here we introduce and test the feasibility and clinical utility of an online trial-based system for spatial-temporal functional mapping (STFM) of language cortex. High-gamma (HG, ; power changes have been demonstrated to be a robust and reliable index of task-related activation of cortical populations of neurons with high spatial and temporal specificity.13,14 The STFM system builds upon previous passive ECoG mapping software [15][16][17][18] by providing a trialbased framework for online display and statistical validation of HG dynamics.In 7 patients, estimates of the system's sensitivity and specificity for language mapping, relative to the benchmark of ESM, were the same or better than previous reports.18-21 Moreover, we found that relative to predefined language cortex boundaries, the sensitivity and specificity of *These authors contributed equally to this work.

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High-frequency neural activity and human cognition: Past, present and possible future of intracranial EEG research

Cited by 432 publications

References 253 publications

How Silent Is Silent Reading? Intracerebral Evidence for Top-Down Activation of Temporal Voice Areas during Reading

How Silent Is Silent Reading? Intracerebral Evidence for Top-Down Activation of Temporal Voice Areas during Reading

What do patients with epilepsy tell us about language dynamics? A review of fMRI studies

Spatial-temporal functional mapping of language at the bedside with electrocorticography

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