High-frequency periodic time-domain waveform measurement system

Sipilä, Markku; Lehtinen, K.; Porra, V.

doi:10.1109/22.6087

Cited by 69 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…A class of instruments known as nonlinear vector network analyzers (NVNAs) [36][37][38][39] characterize nonlinear devices by supplying large-signal RF stimuli and measuring the resulting signals at the boundaries of the device under test. Unlike devices operating in the linear region, nonlinear devices cannot be adequately characterized by scattering parameters because nonlinearities transfer energy from the stimulus frequency (or frequencies) to products at new frequencies.…”

Section: Comparing Nonlinear Vector Network Analyzersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of artificial neural networks to RF and microwave measurements

Jargon

Gupta

DeGroot

2001

Int J RF and Microwave Comp Aid Eng

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This article describes how artificial neural networks (ANNs) can be used to benefit a number of RF and microwave measurement areas including vector network analysis (VNA). We apply ANNs to model a variety of on-wafer and coaxial VNA calibrations, including open-short-load-thru (OSLT) and line-reflect-match (LRM), and assess the accuracy of the calibrations using these ANN-modeled standards. We find that the ANN models compare favorably to benchmark calibrations throughout the frequencies they were trained for. We summarize other current applications of ANNs, including the determination of permittivities of liquids from the reflection coefficient measurements of an open-ended coaxial probe and the determination of moisture content of wheat from free-space transmission coefficient measurements. We also discuss some potential applications of ANN models related to power measurements, material characterization, and the comparison of nonlinear vector network analyzers.

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Section: Comparing Nonlinear Vector Network Analyzersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of artificial neural networks to RF and microwave measurements

Jargon

Gupta

DeGroot

2001

Int J RF and Microwave Comp Aid Eng

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“…The functions F An , F Bn are called describing functions. The spectral mapping according to (15) is a general mathematical framework from which we can attempt to develop practical models in the frequency domain. The PHD model is a particular approximation, which involves the linearization using a set of assumptions.…”

Section: A Polyharmonic Distortion Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Essentially linear system identification theory was however used assuming that superposition applies and that the functions studied are analytical. Polyharmonic distortion modelling [15][16][17][18][19][20] , used for studying the nonlinear properties of microwave systems, does not assume that the function relating waves incident and reflected or transmitted is analytic nor does it assume application of normal superposition. For many years socalled Virtual Network Analysers have been used to characterise linear properties of microwave systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyharmonic Distortion Modelling Applied to Acoustic Characterisation of Peforates

Bodén

2011

17th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference (32nd AIAA Aeroacoustics Conference)

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This paper discusses the possibility to apply polyharmonic distortion modelling, used for nonlinear characterisation of microwave systems, to acoustic characterisation of samples with non-linear properties such as perforates and other facing sheets used in aircraft engine liners and automotive mufflers. In some previous papers multi-port techniques using sinusoidal excitation for characterization of samples with non-linear properties were developed and experimentally tested. These techniques aimed at taking non-linear energy transfer between sound field harmonics into account. Essentially linear system identification theory was however used assuming that superposition applies and that the functions studied are analytical. Polyharmonic distortion modelling does not assume that the function relating waves incident and reflected or transmitted is analytic nor does it assume application of normal superposition. This technique is tested on experimental data obtained from measurements on a perforate mounted in a duct. The similarity to the previously developed nonlinear scattering matrix techniques is demonstrated. It is shown how the results obtained can be used to analyse nonlinear energy transfer to higher harmonics.

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“…In many respects, the VSA is like a real-time sampling oscilloscope, but higher dynamic range and frequency resolution are obtained by limiting the acquisition bandwidth. As mentioned above, several types of nonlinear measurement systems have been developed to provide impedance information in addition to absolute magnitude and phase, including [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. These instruments use impedance standards and directional couplers to separate the incident and reflected waves and transform the measured impedances to the reference plane of the OUT.…”

Section: (A) the Essential Components Of Nonlinear Measurement Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practical applications of nonlinear measurements

Remley¹

2009

2009 73rd ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference

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We contrast linear, VNA-based measurements, involving ratios of the magnitude and phase of individual frequency components, to measurements of nonlinear devices and circuits, where the relative phase between frequency components and the actual impedance in which a device is embedded are important. The architectures and calibration techniques for several types of instruments designed to satisfy these requirements are presented and compared. Examples of the use of these instruments for measurement and model development of nonlinear circuits are presented.

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High-frequency periodic time-domain waveform measurement system

Cited by 69 publications

References 9 publications

Applications of artificial neural networks to RF and microwave measurements

Applications of artificial neural networks to RF and microwave measurements

Polyharmonic Distortion Modelling Applied to Acoustic Characterisation of Peforates

Practical applications of nonlinear measurements

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