High-frequency rTMS improves facial mimicry and detection responses in an empathic emotional task

Balconi, Michela; Canavesio, Ylenia

doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.12.059

Cited by 31 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…First, negative mood was significantly higher in males compared to females in some conditions, yet males showed a positive or no correlation with mimicry and behavioral responses to smiles (see Tables 2 and 3). Second, no gender differences were found in trait empathy, measured with the IRI and EQ questionnaires ( Baron-Cohen & Wheelwright, 2004;Davis, 1983). Third, TMS-Intensity was actually lower in the M1 compared to the VTX condition in female participants, which, if anything, should have led to less cortical inhibition of M1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Likowski et al (2012) reported significant correlations between the amplitude of facial mimicry and brain activity in various areas that belong, or are functionally connected, to the MNS, including the IFG, the SMA, the insula, the medial temporal gyrus (MTG) and the superior temporal sulcus (STS). Also of interest, the disruption of medial premotor cortices with event-related rTMS interferes with the recognition of facial expressions (Balconi & Bortolotti, 2013a, 2013bRochas et al, 2013), while activation of a more fronto-polar area (BA9) increases facial mimicry (Balconi & Canavesio, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gender differences in the neural network of facial mimicry of smiles – An rTMS study

Korb

Malsert

Rochas

et al. 2015

Cortex

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a b s t r a c tUnder theories of embodied emotion, exposure to a facial expression triggers facial mimicry. Facial feedback is then used to recognize and judge the perceived expression.However, the neural bases of facial mimicry and of the use of facial feedback remain poorly understood. Furthermore, gender differences in facial mimicry and emotion recognition suggest that different neural substrates might accompany the production of facial mimicry, and the processing of facial feedback, in men and women. Here, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) was applied to the right primary motor cortex (M1), the right primary somatosensory cortex (S1), or, in a control condition, the vertex (VTX).Facial mimicry of smiles and emotion judgments were recorded in response to video clips depicting changes from neutral or angry to happy facial expressions. While in females rTMS over M1 and S1 compared to VTX led to reduced mimicry and, in the case of M1, delayed detection of smiles, there was no effect of TMS condition for males. We conclude that in female participants M1 and S1 play a role in the mimicry and in the use of facial feedback for accurate processing of smiles.© 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. c o r t e x 7 0 ( 2 0 1 5 ) 1 0 1 e1 1 4http://dx

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in the neural network of facial mimicry of smiles – An rTMS study

Korb

Malsert

Rochas

et al. 2015

Cortex

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show abstract

“…On the other hand, the same anatomical result may also support the hypothesis of an implicit emotional bias, with the tendency to avoid fearful stimuli. Theories of embodied cognition suggest that the "simulation mechanism" underlying the detection of emotions is supported and regulated by the mPFC areas [113]. Inhibition of the mPFC reduces the detection of facial expressions (in particular negative) and its subsequent autonomic mimicry response [114].…”

Section: Neuroanatomical Correlatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral and neural correlates of visual emotion discrimination and empathy in mild cognitive impairment

Pernigo

Gambina

Valbusa

et al. 2015

Behavioural Brain Research

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“…we propose an integration between the autonomic measures and the cortical prefrontal activity, that showed an ability to signal the presence of a somatosensory response to facial patterns [10]. These integrated effects may allow a complete overview of the motor and somatic behavior which supports the mirroring function in emotional face comprehension.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…fear) more than positive (happiness) or neutral faces [2,5]. These studies found a generic signi cant modi cation of frontal cortical network in response to emotional type, but they did not directly explore the premotor cortex e ect on facial expression simulation mechanisms [10][11][12].…”

Section: Tms (Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation)mentioning

confidence: 95%

Transcranial magnetic stimulation modulates left premotor cortex activity in facial expression recognition as a function of anxiety level

Balconi¹,

Canavesio

Finocchiaro³

2014

Translational Neuroscience

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Recognition of emotional facial expressions is based on simulation and mirroring processes, and the premotor cortex is supposed to support this simulation mechanism. The role of this prefrontal area in processing emotional faces with different valence (anger, fear, happiness and neutral) was explored taking into account the effect of the lateralization model (more right-side activation for negative emotions; more left-side activation for positive emotions) of face processing and anxiety level (high vs low). High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS, 10 Hz) was applied to the left prefrontal area to induce an increased activation response within the left premotor cortex. Twenty-nine subjects, who were divided into two different groups depending on their anxiety level (high/low anxiety; State-Trait-Anxiety Inventory (STAI), were asked to detect emotion / no emotion. Accuracy (AcI) and response times (RTs) were considered in response to the experimental conditions. A general significant increased performance was found in response to positive emotions in the case of left-side stimulation. Moreover, whereas high-anxiety subjects revealed a significant negative-valence bias in absence of stimulation, they showed a more significant AcI increasing and RTs decreasing in response to positive emotions in case of left premotor brain activation. The present results highlight the role of the premotor system for facial expression processing as a function of emotional type, supporting the existence of a valence-specific lateralized system within the prefrontal area. Finally, a sort of "restoring effect" induced by TMS was suggested for high-anxiety subjects.

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High-frequency rTMS improves facial mimicry and detection responses in an empathic emotional task

Cited by 31 publications

References 34 publications

Gender differences in the neural network of facial mimicry of smiles – An rTMS study

Gender differences in the neural network of facial mimicry of smiles – An rTMS study

Behavioral and neural correlates of visual emotion discrimination and empathy in mild cognitive impairment

Transcranial magnetic stimulation modulates left premotor cortex activity in facial expression recognition as a function of anxiety level

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