High-Functioning Autism and its Understanding in Modern Literature

Abstract

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Objective.</strong> Among autism spectrum disorders (ASD), high functional autism (HFA) is not considered a separate nosological entity. However, a number of foreign studies have shown that 10% of people with ASD are diagnosed with HFA. We discuss the characteristics of HFA as well as its differences from other ASD subgroups. The article also summarizes the current state of research on the HFA issue. A clearer understanding of both psychology and neurophysiology of high-functioning autism will help ensure accurate diagnosis, avoiding errors in therapy planning and support.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods.</strong> We reviewed literature sources in the PubMed, MedLine, and Scientific Electronic Library databases. The main search terms were: high-functioning autism, HFA, Asperger’s syndrome, autism spectrum disorders (ASD), diagnosis and speech disorders. Forty-two articles by foreign and domestic specialists were included in the analysis.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Results.</strong> The developmental profile of individuals with high-functioning autism differs from that of individuals with autism and cognitive or speech impairments. It is characterized by a distinctive style of social interaction and a higher level of speech and cognitive development. A high level of intelligence helps people with HFA master social rules and adapt more effectively.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusions.</strong> Social impairments in individuals with high-functioning autism are difficult to identify in early childhood, partly due to the lack of developed diagnostic tools. Therefore, there is a need for more careful assessment of children suspected of having high-functioning autism, as well as the development of reliable, sensitive assessment tools for follow-up therapy and support.</p>