High Genetic Diversity Revealed by Variable-Number Tandem Repeat Genotyping and Analysis ofhsp65Gene Polymorphism in a Large Collection of “Mycobacterium canettii” Strains Indicates that theM. tuberculosisComplex Is a Recently Emerged Clone of “M. canettii”

Fabre, M.; Koeck, Jean-Louis; Flèche, Philippe Le; Simon, Fabrice; Hervé, Vincent; Vergnaud, Gilles; Pourcel, Christine

doi:10.1128/jcm.42.7.3248-3255.2004

Cited by 96 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…We isolated three such strains in this study, including an isolate of the EAI clade (Brudey et al, 2006) recovered from a goat (g49). EAI strains represent the most ancestral clade of the M. tuberculosis complex (except the M. canettii ancestor) (Fabre et al, 2004). EAI strains are very characteristic in terms of spoligotype, presence of genomic regions of difference (undeleted for both TbD1 and RD9) and MLVA pattern.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular epidemiology of human and animal tuberculosis in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria

Jenkins¹,

Cadmus²,

Venter³

et al. 2011

Veterinary Microbiology

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From 2005 to 2007, Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) strains were isolated from cattle, goats and pigs samples collected at the Bodija abattoir and from human samples from tuberculosis patients and livestock traders at the Akinyele cattle market in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria. Seventy four isolates obtained from humans (24) and livestock (50) were identified as MTC strains. Thirty two isolates were spoligotyped. Nineteen of these 32 isolates were identified as M. tuberculosis whilst 13 were identified as Mycobacterium bovis. M. bovis was isolated from two humans, whereas M. tuberculosis was isolated from a bovine, a pig and a goat. All the M. bovis isolates identified in this study belonged to the Africa 1 clonal complex. Multiple locus VNTR [variable number of tandem repeats] analysis (MLVA) was carried out on the 74 isolates. Three major clusters were defined. Group A consisted of 24 M. tuberculosis isolates (MLVA genotypes 1-18). One strain was isolated from a bovine and one from a pig. Group B consisted of 49 M. bovis strains (MLVA genotypes 19-48), mainly of cattle origin but also included four goat, nine pig and two human isolates. Group C consisted of a single M. tuberculosis isolate (MLVA genotype 49) obtained from a goat. Spoligotyping and MLVA confirmed it as clustering with the East Africa Indian clade found in humans in Sudan and the Republic of Djibouti. The isolation of three M. tuberculosis strains from livestock raises the question of their epidemiological importance as a source of infection for humans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular epidemiology of human and animal tuberculosis in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria

Jenkins¹,

Cadmus²,

Venter³

et al. 2011

Veterinary Microbiology

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“…The strains comprised 14 W-Beijing, 8 Central Asian1 (CAS1), and 14 "ancestral" East-African-Indian (EAI1, EAI3, EAI2/Manila) genotypes within the PGG1, 11 PGG2, or 3 strains of unknown genotype or belonging to the Haarlem, X, T1, Cameroon (CAM), or Latin American and Mediterranean (LAM) families. For a detailed comparison with the various members within the MTC, DNAs representing the following species were used: the M. tuberculosis reference strain H37Rv, two strains of M. africanum, three strains of M. bovis, one strain of M. bovis BCG, two strains of M. microti (3), two strains of M. pinnipedii (4), eight strains of "M. canettii" (8,29), and two strains identified as the dassie bacillus (5).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Evolutionary History of Tubercle Bacilli Assessed by Study of the Polymorphic Nucleotide within the Nitrate Reductase ( narGHJI ) Operon Promoter

et al. 2005

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A well-characterized collection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) isolates, representing all known subspecies as well as some relevant genotypic families of M. tuberculosis, was analyzed for the newly discovered narGHJI ؊215 C-to-T promoter single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). This point mutation has been shown in earlier studies to be responsible for the differential nitrate reductase activity of M. tuberculosis versus M. bovis. As previously defined by the presence or the absence of the TbD1 genetic locus, the group included both the "modern" W-Beijing, Haarlem, and Central-Asian1 (CAS1) families as well as the "ancestral" East-African-Indian (EAI) clade. Interestingly, among "modern" M. tuberculosis isolates, those previously classified as Principal Genetic Group 1 (PGG1) organisms by katG 463 -gyrA 95 polymorphism analysis did not present the two-banded narGHJI restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of PCR products pattern common to the other PGG1 MTC members, including the "ancestral" M. tuberculosis isolates. Instead, they showed a one-banded pattern, aligning them with other evolutionarily recent M. tuberculosis isolates of the PGG2 and PGG3 groups, such as Haarlem, Latin-American and Mediterranean (LAM), and X families. The presence of a nitrate reductase producer phenotype in "Mycobacterium canettii" and some "ancestral" M. tuberculosis isolates, despite a two-band ؊215C genotype, argues in favor of an alternate mechanism to explain the differential nitrate reductase activity of certain PGG1 subspecies of the MTC. Overall, these findings may help to establish the precise evolutionary history of important genotype families such as W-Beijing and suggest that the ؊215T genotype may have contributed the virulence, spread, and evolutionary success of "modern" M. tuberculosis strains compared to the remaining MTC organisms.Together with niacin production, catalase/peroxidase activity, and urease production, the assay of nitrate reductase activity, through the accumulation of nitrite, remains a basic phenotypic criterion for differentiating Mycobacterium tuberculosis from Mycobacterium bovis in diagnostic mycobacteriology (6). Contrary to M. tuberculosis, which presents a strong nitrate reductase activity under aerobic conditions, M. bovis and the M. bovis-derived BCG vaccine strain fail to rapidly accumulate nitrite from nitrate. However, both M. tuberculosis and M. bovis possess the narGHJI operon, which is expressed under anaerobic conditions in both subspecies and the product of which is a membrane-bound anaerobic nitrate reductase complex (25). As an alternative to using oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor, the NarGHJI complex couples this process to the reduction of nitrate. It was shown previously that this enzyme is induced under anaerobic conditions in Bacillus subtilis (18), and the switch to anaerobic metabolism is believed to be critical in the establishment of latent infection by M. tuberculosis and possibly the other tubercle bacilli. Recently, a C-to-T transition at posi...

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“…Patients infected with M. canettii mostly originate from or have contact with the region of the Horn of Africa. The majority of the less than 100 worldwide available M. canettii isolates come from patients from Djibouti, East Africa (35,55,91,94), which corresponds to the same geographical region where the above-mentioned, early branching M. tuberculosis strains of lineage 7 were isolated (80). From the 16S rDNA sequence and genome sequencing data, it is clear that the M. canettii strains share more than 97 to 99% DNA similarity with M. tuberculosis strains and thus can be considered as belonging to the same bacterial species (35,95).…”

Section: Microevolutionary Genomics Of the Tubercle Bacillimentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacterial Pathogenomics and Evolution

et al. 2014

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Most mycobacterial species are harmless saprophytes, often found in aquatic environments. A few species seem to have evolved from this pool of environmental mycobacteria into major human pathogens, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the agent of tuberculosis, Mycobacterium leprae, the leprosy bacillus, and Mycobacterium ulcerans, the agent of Buruli ulcer. While the pathogenicity of M. ulcerans relates to the acquisition of a large plasmid encoding a polyketide-derived toxin, the molecular mechanisms by which M. leprae or M. tuberculosis have evolved to cause disease are complex and involve the interaction between the pathogen and the host.Here we focus on M. tuberculosis and closely related mycobacteria and discuss insights gained from recent genomic and functional studies. Comparison of M. tuberculosis genome data with sequences from nontuberculous mycobacteria, such as Mycobacterium marinum or Mycobacterium kansasii, provides a perception of the more distant evolution of M. tuberculosis, while the recently accomplished genome sequences of multiple tubercle bacilli with smooth colony morphology, named Mycobacterium canettii, have allowed the ancestral gene pool of tubercle bacilli to be estimated. The resulting findings are instrumental for our understanding of the pathogenomic evolution of tuberculosis-causing mycobacteria. Comparison of virulent and attenuated members of the M. tuberculosis complex has further contributed to identification of a specific secretion pathway, named ESX or Type VII secretion. The molecular machines involved are key elements for mycobacterial pathogenicity, strongly influencing the ability of M. tuberculosis to cope with the immune defense mounted by the host.

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High Genetic Diversity Revealed by Variable-Number Tandem Repeat Genotyping and Analysis ofhsp65Gene Polymorphism in a Large Collection of “Mycobacterium canettii” Strains Indicates that theM. tuberculosisComplex Is a Recently Emerged Clone of “M. canettii”

Cited by 96 publications

References 25 publications

Molecular epidemiology of human and animal tuberculosis in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria

Molecular epidemiology of human and animal tuberculosis in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria

Molecular Evolutionary History of Tubercle Bacilli Assessed by Study of the Polymorphic Nucleotide within the Nitrate Reductase ( narGHJI ) Operon Promoter

Mycobacterial Pathogenomics and Evolution

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