High genetic similarity between Polish and North European Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) populations at nuclear gene loci

Wachowiak, Witold; Wójkiewicz, Błażej; Cavers, Stephen; Lewandowski, Andrzej

doi:10.1007/s11295-014-0739-8

Cited by 22 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Both geographical regions had similar allelic frequency spectra distributions, and no significant correlation between genetic differentiation and geographical distance between populations was found for the nuclear and chloroplast loci in the Mantel test. Obtained results are in accordance with other studies on P. sylvestris in the continuous species distribution in Europe using isoenzymes and DNA markers (Dvornyk et al 2002;Garcia-Gil et al 2003;Goncharenko et al 1994;Pyhäjärvi et al 2007;Wachowiak et al 2014;Wang et al 1991). Considering the large geographical areas covered by investigated populations, it seems that their genetic similarity must result from shared phylogeographic history.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Populations from a broad pine distribution showed a high level of genetic variation and a low level of among-population genetic differentiation (Belletti et al 2012;Prus-Glowacki et al 2003;Pyhäjärvi et al 2007;Wachowiak et al 2014;Wang et al 1991). This low genetic structure in a wide distribution of Scots pine is typical for geographically core populations and among others, it results from high outcrossing and random mating in pines (Petit and Hampe 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic characteristics of Scots pine in Poland and reference populations based on nuclear and chloroplast microsatellite markers

Hebda¹,

Wójkiewicz²,

Wachowiak³

2017

Silva Fenn.

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Polymorphisms at a set of eighteen nuclear (nSSR) and chloroplast (cpSSR) microsatellite loci were investigated in sixteen populations of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) derived from the provenance trial experiment and representative of the species distribution range and climatic zones in Poland. The patterns of genetic variation were compared to the reference samples from the species distribution in Europe and Asia. A similar level of genetic variation and no evidence of population structure was found among the Polish stands. They showed genetic similarity and homogenous patterns of allelic frequency spectra compared to the Northern European populations. Those populations were genetically divergent compared to the marginal populations from Turkey, Spain and Scotland. The population structure patterns reflect the phylogeography of the species and the divergence of populations that most likely do not share recent history. As the analysed provenance trial populations from Poland are diverged in phenotypic traits but are genetically similar, they could be used to test for selection at genomic regions that influence variation in quantitative traits.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic characteristics of Scots pine in Poland and reference populations based on nuclear and chloroplast microsatellite markers

Hebda¹,

Wójkiewicz²,

Wachowiak³

2017

Silva Fenn.

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“…Approaches for resolving the genetic architecture of adaptive traits in species derived from heterogeneous environments such as the taxa from the P. mugo complex should take into account the high within‐population variation of the studied traits. Comparison of genetic variation between populations could be effective in species like P. sylvestris which exhibit strong clines in adaptive traits, assuming that they represent populations of shared evolutionary and demographic history (Wachowiak et al ). The study demonstrates genetically driven variation in pine phenotypes across the species distribution in Europe.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Comparison of genetic variation between populations could be effective in species like P. sylvestris which exhibit strong clines in adaptive traits, assuming that they represent populations of shared evolutionary and demographic history (Wachowiak et al 2014). The study demonstrates genetically driven variation in pine phenotypes across the species distribution in Europe.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early phenology and growth trait variation in closely related European pine species

Wachowiak

Perry

Donnelly

et al. 2017

Ecology and Evolution

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Closely related taxa occupying different environments are valuable systems for studying evolution. In this study, we examined differences in early phenology (bud set, bud burst) and early growth in a common garden trial of closely related pine species: Pinus sylvestris, P. mugo, and P. uncinata. Seeds for the trial were sourced from populations across the ranges of each species in Europe. Over first 4 years of development, clear differences were observed between species, while the most significant intraspecific differentiation was observed among plants from P. sylvestris populations from continental European locations. Trait differences within P. sylvestris were highly correlated with altitude and latitude of the site of origin. Meanwhile, P. mugo populations from the Carpathians had the earliest bud set and bud flush compared to other populations of the species. Overall, populations from the P. mugo complex from heterogeneous mountain environments and P. sylvestris from the Scottish Highlands showed the highest within‐population variation for the focal traits. Although the three species have been shown to be genetically highly similar, this study reveals large differences in key adaptive traits both among and within species.

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“…Adaptation may evolve from new mutations, standing genetic variation or introgression. Kane & Rieseberg, 2007;Rieseberg et al, 2007;de Carvalho et al, 2010;Lexer et al, 2010;Scascitelli et al, 2010;Chen et al, 2012;Muir et al, 2013;Wachowiak et al, 2014b Senecio detrimental in another (Mitchell-Olds et al, 2007). In a close relative of A. thaliana, the US subspecies of A. lyrata, Turner et al (2010) found candidate loci for serpentine adaptation, using A. thaliana homologs as a reference.…”

Section: Arabis Alpinamentioning

confidence: 99%

Utility of closely related taxa for genetic studies of adaptive variation and speciation: Current state and perspectives in plants with focus on forest tree species

Żukowska

Wachowiak

2015

J of Sytematics Evolution

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Studies of adaptation and speciation have greatly benefited from rapid progress of DNA sequencing and genotyping technologies. Comparative genomics of closely related taxa has great potential to advance evolutionary research on genetic architecture of adaptive traits and reproductive isolation. Such studies that utilized closely related plant species and ecotypes have already provided some important insights into genomic regions and/or genes that are potentially involved in local adaptation and speciation. The choice of an appropriate species model for such research is crucial. The paper discusses current approaches used to reveal the patterns of intra-and interspecific divergence due to natural selection. Its outcomes in herbaceous plants and forest trees are briefly summarized and compared to reveal general regularities concerning evolutionary processes. We then highlight the importance of multispecies studies and discuss the utility of several related pine taxa as fine candidates for evolutionary inferences. Genetically similar but ecologically and phenotypically diverged taxa seem a promising study system to search for genomic patterns of speciation and adaptive variation.Key words: adaptation, divergence, genetic variation, natural selection, Pinus mugo, P. sylvestris.Local adaptation to different selective regimes (i.e., water availability, soil type, photoperiod and temperature) may result in various ecotypes, exhibiting phenotypic differences under specific environmental conditions. The emergence of ecotypes might be an outcome of a number of factors including, e.g., limited migration, density dependent viability and environmental boundaries, and selection on phenotypic plasticity (de Jong, 2005). Adaptation may even lead to ecological speciation, causing reproductive isolation between populations previously connected by gene flow (Rundle & Nosil, 2005). Currently, many closely related plant species are distinguished on the basis of their morphology, but genetic divergence responsible for the observed diversity is usually poorly understood. The relationship between a genotype and phenotype in trees is known even less than in other plant species. The main reason behind this situation is that the forest tree research community is indeed incomparably smaller than the group that studies other plant species such as Arabidopsis thaliana or crops. Also, the research is predominantly focused on a few temperate species of high economic value, whereas tree species of ecological importance are commonly ignored (Neale & Kremer, 2011). Although studies of local adaptation in trees have a long tradition of common-garden experiments (provenance trials), such research gives primarily phenotypic information but cannot identify particular genes involved in adaptation (Gonz alezMart ınez et al., 2006). Furthermore, trees have large population size and long generation time which make them challenging to study. Most tree genomes are large and therefore costly to sequence. The genomics of adaptation in trees is thus ...

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High genetic similarity between Polish and North European Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) populations at nuclear gene loci

Cited by 22 publications

References 56 publications

Genetic characteristics of Scots pine in Poland and reference populations based on nuclear and chloroplast microsatellite markers

Genetic characteristics of Scots pine in Poland and reference populations based on nuclear and chloroplast microsatellite markers

Early phenology and growth trait variation in closely related European pine species

Utility of closely related taxa for genetic studies of adaptive variation and speciation: Current state and perspectives in plants with focus on forest tree species

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