High genetic variability of Alexandrium catenella directly detected in environmental samples from the Southern Austral Ecosystem of Chile

Cruzat, Fernando; Muñoz, Christian; González-Saldía, Rodrigo R.; Inostroza, Agar; Andrée, Karl B.

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.12.022

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The authors found 33 haplotypes, three of these highly frequent, increasing the genetic diversity from 2.8 to 3.1%, for this species in the study area. All sequences agreed with the morphological identification for A. catenella, with sub-clades that correspond to haplotypes from distinct geographic regions (Cruzat et al, 2018).…”

Section: Molecular Studiessupporting

confidence: 70%

“…This was the first report of A. minutum and A. ostenfeldii on this area of Argentinean Sea (Fabro et al, 2017). Cruzat et al (2018) determined genetic variability of A. catenella analyzing ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequences of ribosomal DNA of environmental samples from the Southern Austral ecosystem. The authors found 33 haplotypes, three of these highly frequent, increasing the genetic diversity from 2.8 to 3.1%, for this species in the study area.…”

Section: Molecular Studiesmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…In the Southern Austral Ecosystem, this species was associated to temperatures between 9 and 13 • C and salinities of 28 and 33 (Cruzat et al, 2018), with higher abundances at 10 • C. The high genetic diversity in terms of population differentiation suggested a possible recent dispersion. Many factors could be influencing this dispersion, as the frequent use of transportation related with aquaculture operations, ocean currents, and natural dispersion.…”

Section: Chilementioning

confidence: 93%

“…Ocean currents, and natural dispersion Cruzat et al, 2018 *Gymnodinium sp., **Gymnodinium cf. catenatum.…”

Section: -33mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Paralytic Toxin Producing Dinoflagellates in Latin America: Ecology and Physiology

et al. 2019

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In this review we summarize the current state of knowledge regarding taxonomy, bloom dynamics, toxicity, autoecology, and trophic interactions, of saxitoxin producing dinoflagellates in this region. The dinoflagellates Gymnodinium catenatum, Pyrodinium bahamense and several species of Alexandrium are saxitoxin producers, and have been responsible of paralytic shellfish poisoning in different regions of Latin America, causing intoxications and important fisheries losses. The species distribution differ; most harmful algal blooms of G. catenatum are from the northern region, however this species has also been reported in central and southern regions. Blooms of P. bahamense are mostly reported in North and Central America, while blooms of Alexandrium species are more common in South America, however this genus is widely spread in Latin America. Species and regional differences are contrasted, with the aim to contribute to future guidelines for an international scientific approach for research and monitoring activities that are needed to increase our understanding of paralytic toxin producing dinoflagellates in this region.

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Section: Molecular Studiessupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Molecular Studiesmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Chilementioning

confidence: 93%

“…Ocean currents, and natural dispersion Cruzat et al, 2018 *Gymnodinium sp., **Gymnodinium cf. catenatum.…”

Section: -33mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Paralytic Toxin Producing Dinoflagellates in Latin America: Ecology and Physiology

et al. 2019

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“…Phenotypic plasticity and genetic variability has been reported for A. catenella strains (Group I) from Chile, Mediterranean Sea, and Japan (Penna et al, 2005;Cruzat et al, 2018). Alpermann et al (2009) reported phenotypic and genetic variability in A. tamarense isolates (Group III) from the North Sea coast of Scotland that were interpreted, respectively, as having strong potential for adaptability of the population and evidence for a lack of strong selective pressure on respective phenotypic traits at the time the population was sampled.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Genus Alexandrium (Dinophyceae, Dinophyta) in Brazilian Coastal Waters

et al. 2018

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A review of the dinoflagellate genus Alexandrium occurring in Brazilian coastal waters is presented based on both published information and new data. Seven Alexandrium species have been recorded from Brazil so far: Alexandrium catenella, Alexandrium fraterculus, Alexandrium gaardnerae, Alexandrium kutnerae, Alexandrium tamiyavanichi, Alexandrium tamutum, and Alexandrium sp. While A. gaardnerae and A. kutnerae were identified based only on morphological characteristics, phylogenetic analysis (ITS and LSU rDNA) were performed for the remaining species based on cultures and/or field populations. Monoclonal cultures of the analyzed species were isolated from field samples obtained from Bahia (A. tamiyavanichi, two strains), Rio de Janeiro (A. tamutum, three strains; Alexandrium sp., two strains), Santa Catarina (A. fraterculus, one strain), and Rio Grande do Sul (Alexandrium tamarense, three strains). This is the first record of A. tamutum for the South Atlantic. In addition, molecular data for Brazilian strains of A. fraterculus are presented for the first time, as well as sequences from the ITS region for A. catenella (previously reported as A. tamarense) from Brazilian coastal waters. The morphological characters of the three species corresponded to those typically recorded in the literature and their identification was confirmed by molecular analysis. Based on the LSU rDNA and ITS regions, the three strains of A. catenella showed a high degree of similarity with strains from Southern Chile and North America. The implications and limitations of these findings for the monitoring protocols within the global and regional context are discussed.

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Effects of increasing temperature and acidification on the growth and competitive success of Alexandrium catenella from the Gulf of Maine

2019

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The increases in ocean temperature and pCO2 due to climate change are projected to affect the growth and future prevalence of Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) in nearshore waters, but systematic studies on the effects these climate drivers have on harmful algal species are lacking.In particular, little is known about how future climate scenarios will affect the growth of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella, which produces the toxins responsible for paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) that threaten the health and economy of coastal communities in the Gulf of Maine. I examined growth responses of A. catenella and two other naturally co-occurring dinoflagellates from Gulf of Maine-Scrippsiella sp., and Amphidinium carteraein mono and mixed species cultures. Experimental treatments included elevated temperature, lower pH, and the combination of elevated temperature and lower pH as projected for the year 2100 (20°C; pH 7.8), relative to current conditions (15.5°C; pH 8.1). Results show decreased growth rates of A. catenella under elevated temperature and lower pH, and that the decreased in growth rate was largely attributable to the effect of temperature. In contrast, the growth rates of Scrippsiella sp. and A. carterae increased under elevated temperature and lower pH conditions, with temperature being the primary driver of the response. These trends did not change substantially when these species were grown in mixed cultures (A. catenella + Scrippsiella sp., and A. catenella + A. carterae), indicating that allelopathic or competitive interactions did not affect the experimental outcome under the conditions tested. These findings suggest that A. catenella blooms will become less prevalent in the Gulf of Maine with continued climate change, shifting instead to a dominance by other dinoflagellate species. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First of all, I would like to thank everyone who helped me in completing this thesis and who helped me in other academic stuff. To Mark Wells and Lee Karp-Boss, I am very grateful to have both of you as my advisors. I can't say anything but thanks for your dedication, support, and patience in mentoring me during my master's study here. To my committee members, David Townsend and Lawrence Mayer, thank you for your valuable suggestions and comments on my thesis research and writing. Both of you are my inspiration for becoming a scientist. I would like to thank Nils Haentjens for helping me run the Imaging FlowCytoot and using his code in MATLAB software, to Lee's lab (past) students, especially to Grace Weise and Stephanie Ayres who taught me how to culture phytoplankton and make media, to Maura Thomas who helped me analyzing the concentration of nutrients in some of my cultures, to Susan Brawley who gave me constructive comments on my research, and to Susanne Thibodeau, Jodie Feero and Carrie Love for their assistance in administration and ordering my experimental material.

show abstract

High genetic variability of Alexandrium catenella directly detected in environmental samples from the Southern Austral Ecosystem of Chile

Cited by 8 publications

References 48 publications

Paralytic Toxin Producing Dinoflagellates in Latin America: Ecology and Physiology

Paralytic Toxin Producing Dinoflagellates in Latin America: Ecology and Physiology

The Genus Alexandrium (Dinophyceae, Dinophyta) in Brazilian Coastal Waters

Effects of increasing temperature and acidification on the growth and competitive success of Alexandrium catenella from the Gulf of Maine

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