High gradient magnetic separation applied to mineral beneficiation

Kelland, D.

doi:10.1109/tmag.1973.1067683

Cited by 55 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…One unit has an internal diameter of 2 m, weighs 250 tons, and processes 60 tons of clay/hr. Other potential applications under current study are the desulfurization of coal (Trindade et al, 1974), the removal of ash from liquid coal, the treatment of wastewater (DeLatour, 1973), and the beneficiation of semitaconite iron ores (Kelland, 1973(Kelland, , 1974Lawver, 1974). The technique appears useful for a wide range of particulate systems.…”

Section: Conclusion An D Sign I F Icancementioning

confidence: 99%

Capture of small paramagnetic particles by magnetic forces from low speed fluid flows

et al. 1976

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SCOPEDiflerences in magnetic properties long have been considered as a possible means for separating mixtures. Magnetite is separated from silaceous rock by large magnetic drum separators. Many processes are protected from damage due to broken gears and other such pieces of magnetic metal by magnetic separators. In these cases, the particles are ferromagnetic, and the separation is relatively easy. However, the separation of very weakly magnetic or paramagnetic particles requires a more sophisticated separator design. One means for carrying out a magnetic separation is to place small diameter (100 p) ferromagnetic filaments in a solenoid magnetic through which a fluid containing paramagnetic particles is passing. Field gradients are formed in the region surrounding the filameints so that the paramagnetic particles are attracted to andl held on the filament. In a practical separator, 2 to 15 vol. yo of the magnetic field is filled with filamentary ferromagnetic material. A fluid containing the paramagnetic particles is passed through the matrix formed by the filaments. The paramagnetic material is retained in the matrix while the nonmagnetic particles and fluid pass through. The performance of these separators depends on how efficiently they capture small paramagnetic particles and how much of this material can be retained in the matrix. In this paper we present a theoretical study of the capture efficiency of a single filament of ferromagnetic material. The goal is to develop an understanding of the capture mechanisms involved. The model assumes a single bare filament, a low concentration of particles, and a fluid moving at low speeds. The equations for the magnetic, drag, and gravitational forces acting on a particle are derived and solved for a number of different conditions. The efficiency of the collector is analyzed in terms of its capture cross section. CONCLUSIONS AN D SIGN I F ICANCEThis paper presents a detailed analysis of the equations which describe the inertial, magnetic, fluid, and gravitational forces that govern the motion of a small paramagnetic particle near a bare cylindrical, ferromagnetic filament. These equations may be solved numerically to show that particle capture occurs primarily on the front of the cylinder when the flow field is parallel to the magnetic field and perpendicular to the filament. However, in several cases the particles are captured on the downstream side of the collector. A set of seven dimensionless groups can be used to describe the system. The group N M = pf H o 2 / p f v m 2 is defined to express the magnetic field strength.The magnetic force is long range and is the dominant factor in particle capture. The magnetic force acting on a paramagnetic particle in the vicinity of a ferromagnetic collector can be 100 times greater than gravity. The capture cross section of a bare collector in a magnetic field can be 100 times larger than that due to inertial impaction alone. Many materials which are not commonly thought of as being magnetic (copper oxide, aluminum) can be c...

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Section: Conclusion An D Sign I F Icancementioning

confidence: 99%

Capture of small paramagnetic particles by magnetic forces from low speed fluid flows

et al. 1976

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“…In fact, HGMS has widely been implemented in the isolation of magnetically responsive particles from their suspension [28]. To date, HGMS has been proved to be feasible in mineral processing [29][30][31], waste removal [32][33][34], biotechnology [35], as well as drug delivery [36,37]. In general, the operation of HGMS involves a column which is filled with randomly entangled magnetically susceptible wires and surrounded by an electromagnet (figure 3a) [38].…”

Section: Strategies Of Magnetic Separator Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Working principle and application of magnetic separation for biomedical diagnostic at high- and low-field gradients

2016

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Magnetic separation is a versatile technique used in sample preparation for diagnostic purpose. For such application, an external magnetic field is applied to drive the separation of target entity (e.g. bacteria, viruses, parasites and cancer cells) from a complex raw sample in order to ease the subsequent task(s) for disease diagnosis. This separation process not only can be achieved via the utilization of high magnetic field gradient, but also, in most cases, low magnetic field gradient with magnitude less than 100 T m is equally feasible. It is the aim of this review paper to summarize the usage of both high gradient magnetic separation and low gradient magnetic separation (LGMS) techniques in this area of research. It is noteworthy that effectiveness of the magnetic separation process not only determines the outcome of a diagnosis but also directly influences its accuracy as well as sensing time involved. Therefore, understanding the factors that simultaneously influence the efficiency of both magnetic separation process and target detection is necessary. Moreover, for LGMS, there are several important considerations that should be taken into account in order to ensure its successful implementation. Hence, this review paper aims to provide an overview to relate all this crucial information by linking the magnetic separation theory to biomedical diagnostic applications.

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“…Magnetic separation has been used to upgrade and beneficiate variety of industrial minerals. The first application of the magnetic separation process on industrial minerals is to remove iron containing compounds and minerals such as hematite-limonite [5], taconite [6], pyrite (FeS2), and pyrohiotite (Fe7S8) [7]. It is a dominant separation process for iron containing ores.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The wet high intensity magnetic separation of magnesite ore waste

Atasoy

2019

Hem Ind

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The wet high intensity magnetic separation of magnesite ore waste stocked in an open pit of a magnesite mine was investigated in this paper. The received sample was subjected to physical, chemical, thermal and phase characterizations. The magnesite ore waste sample contained 77.69 % MgCO3 and a considerable amount of Fe2O3 (3.14 %). The unwanted silica and iron impurities were removed and a high-grade magnesite was experimentally obtained. Results have shown that a high-grade magnesite was obtained after subjecting the non-magnetic portion of the processed sample twice at 1.8 T. It was possible to increase the magnesite content up to 91.03 % while reducing the iron content to 0.32 % by using magnetic separation. After the calcination process at 1000 o C, the sample showed mass loss on ignition of 52 % and contained 85.39 % MgO with 0.32 % Fe2O3. The final product can be used in chemical and metallurgical applications where high magnesia contents are required. The experimental results provide useful information on wet magnetic separation of magnesite wastes.

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High gradient magnetic separation applied to mineral beneficiation

Cited by 55 publications

References 2 publications

Capture of small paramagnetic particles by magnetic forces from low speed fluid flows

Capture of small paramagnetic particles by magnetic forces from low speed fluid flows

Working principle and application of magnetic separation for biomedical diagnostic at high- and low-field gradients

The wet high intensity magnetic separation of magnesite ore waste

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