High Harmonic Frequency Combs for High Resolution Spectroscopy

Ozawa, A.; Rauschenberger, J.; Gohle, Christoph; Herrmann, M. G.; Walker, Daniel A.; Pervak, V.; Fernández, A.; Graf, Roswitha; Apolonski, Alexander; Holzwarth, Ronald; Krausz, Ferenc; Hänsch, Theodor W.; Udem, T.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.100.253901

Cited by 133 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…However, to reach wavelengths below 120 nm, HHG has to be employed, requiring nonlinear interaction at higher intensities in the nonperturbative regime [46]. It is well established that HHG can be phase coherent to some degree [34,35,37,[46][47][48], and attempts have been made to generate frequency combs based on upconversion of all pulses at full repetition rate [49][50][51][52]. However, due to the low xuv-pulse energies, the comb structure could for a long time not be verified in the xuv-domain for those sources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

XUV frequency-comb metrology on the ground state of helium

et al. 2011

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The operation of a frequency comb at extreme ultraviolet (xuv) wavelengths based on pairwise amplification and nonlinear upconversion to the 15th harmonic of pulses from a frequency-comb laser in the near-infrared range is reported. It is experimentally demonstrated that the resulting spectrum at 51 nm is fully phase coherent and can be applied to precision metrology. The pulses are used in a scheme of direct-frequency-comb excitation of helium atoms from the ground state to the 1s4p and 1s5p 1 P 1 states. Laser ionization by auxiliary 1064 nm pulses is used to detect the excited-state population, resulting in a cosine-like signal as a function of the repetition rate of the frequency comb with a modulation contrast of up to 55%. Analysis of the visibility of this comb structure, thereby using the helium atom as a precision phase ruler, yields an estimated timing jitter between the two upconverted-comb laser pulses of 50 attoseconds, which is equivalent to a phase jitter of 0.38 (6) cycles in the xuv at 51 nm. This sets a quantitative figure of merit for the operation of the xuv comb and indicates that extension to even shorter wavelengths should be feasible. The helium metrology investigation results in transition frequencies of 5 740 806 993 (10) and 5 814 248 672 (6) MHz for excitation of the 1s4p and 1s5p 1 P 1 states, respectively. This constitutes an important frequency measurement in the xuv, attaining high accuracy in this windowless part of the electromagnetic spectrum. From the measured transition frequencies an eight-fold-improved 4 He ionization energy of 5 945 204 212 (6) MHz is derived. Also, a new value for the 4 He ground-state Lamb shift is found of 41 247 (6) MHz. This experimental value is in agreement with recent theoretical calculations up to order mα 6 and m 2 /Mα 5 , but with a six-times-higher precision, therewith providing a stringent test of quantum electrodynamics in bound two-electron systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

XUV frequency-comb metrology on the ground state of helium

et al. 2011

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“…5b is a reflection spectrum from the fsEC which is on-resonant (off-resonant). We roughly evaluate the frequency-averaged enhancement factor for the fsEC [43]:…”

Section: B Experimental Results Of Intracavity Hhgmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generation of vacuum ultraviolet radiation by intracavity high-harmonic generation toward state detection of single trapped ions

2014

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VUV radiation around 159 nm is obtained toward direct excitation of a single trapped 115 In +ion. An efficient fluoride-based VUV output-coupler is employed for intracavity high-harmonic generation of a Ti:S oscillator. Using this coupler, where we measured its reflectance to be about 90 %, an average power reaching 6.4 µW is coupled out from a modest fundamental power of 650 mW. When a single comb component out of 1.9 × 10 5 teeth is resonant to the atomic transition, hundreds of fluorescence photons per second will be detectable under a realistic condition.

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“…In order to achieve the necessary, high intensity of a few-cycle driving pulse for attosecond XUV generation (> 10 13 W/cm 2 for Xe as a target [90]), typically amplified laser systems are employed operating at kHz repetition rates [39,91,92]. Motivated by various applications of high-repetition rate XUV sources (high-resolution spectroscopy [93,94] and time-resolved measurements [87]) various approaches have been followed for the generation of XUV pulses at (up to) MHz rates.…”

Section: Nanoplasmonic Field-enhanced Xuv Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another approach is to seed a passive enhancement cavity with the output from a femtosecond MHz oscillator (see e.g. [93]). Despite impressive progress concerning the circulating power in such cavities [96], such systems are hard to stabilize and the outcoupling of the XUV light remains a challenge to their more widespread application [96].…”

Section: Nanoplasmonic Field-enhanced Xuv Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attosecond Nanophysics

Süßmann

Stebbings

Zherebtsov

et al. 2014

Attosecond and XUV Physics

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IntroductionUltrafast control of electronic motion in isolated atoms with light fields has led to the birth of attosecond pulses [1,2]. Waveform-controlled, optical, few-cycle laser pulses are powerful tools to steer electrons on subfemtosecond timescales and have been successfully applied to control the electron emission from atoms [3] and the electron localization in molecules [4]. The realization of a similar level of control of the electron motion in nanocircuits has the potential to revolutionize modern electronics by enabling significantly higher computation and communication speeds [5,6].Worldwide communication relies on optical fiber networks. Data encoding and decoding, however, involves the transformation of photon-based information within the optical fibers to electronic information and vice versa and is thus the current bottleneck for ultrafast communication and information processing. Lightwavecontrolled nanocircuits (lightwave nanoelectronics) [7] are expected to reach petahertz operating frequencies which would remove the bottleneck in conventional communication technology by enabling all-optical data processing and communication. The key challenges on the way to lightwave nanoelectronics are (1) the control of electrodynamics in nanostructured materials on subcycle timescales and (2) the ability to monitor the resulting currents in nanostructured circuits with attosecond time and nanometer spatial resolution [6,[8][9][10][11]. The development and utilization of attosecond metrologies for the control and observation of ultrafast electron dynamics in nanosystems is therefore an issue with far-reaching implication. This chapter discusses selected key concepts and fundamental experiments in this area of attosecond nanophotonics.The central objective of attosecond nanophotonics is the utilization of the widely tunable optical properties of nanostructured materials. This idea, which has a long history, might be illustrated best by the special optical phenomena arising from small nanoparticles. Without deeper insight, already the makers of color-stained glass church windows in the middle ages used the properties of metallic nanoparAttosecond and XUV Physics, First Edition. Edited by Thomas Schultz and Marc Vrakking.

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High Harmonic Frequency Combs for High Resolution Spectroscopy

Cited by 133 publications

References 27 publications

XUV frequency-comb metrology on the ground state of helium

XUV frequency-comb metrology on the ground state of helium

Generation of vacuum ultraviolet radiation by intracavity high-harmonic generation toward state detection of single trapped ions

Attosecond Nanophysics

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