High heterogeneity of Apolipoprotein E gene frequencies in South American Indians

Andrade, Fabiana Michelsen de; Coimbra, Carlos E. A.; Santos, Ricardo Ventura; Goicoechea, Alicia Susana; Carnese, Francisco R.; Salzano, Francisco M.; Hutz, Mara Helena

doi:10.1080/030144600282352

Cited by 23 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In Fortaleza city, also in northeastern Brazil, the corresponding findings among 72 shantytown children were 77.1, 14.6, and 8.3%, respectively (28). Previous studies of ApoE polymorphism in small samples of native Brazilian and South Ameri-can populations (8,9,26,29) found a highly heterogeneous distribution of alleles with a predominance of ε3 (frequency range: 51-98%), followed by ε4 (0-47%) and ε2 (0-4%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In Europe, studies have described a north to south cline in the ε4 allele, with a higher frequency in the northern region and a lower frequency in the southern region (7,34,35). The highest frequencies of ε4 have been described in Nigerians (4), Sub-Saharan Africans (5), South Africans (6), Inuit from Greenland (7), Finns (7), and native Americans (up to 47% in Brazilian natives) (8). ε2 is the least frequent allele, being completely absent from certain populations, in particular from several Native American tribes (8,9,26).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The highest frequencies of ε4 have been described in Nigerians (4), Sub-Saharan Africans (5), South Africans (6), Inuit from Greenland (7), Finns (7), and native Americans (up to 47% in Brazilian natives) (8). ε2 is the least frequent allele, being completely absent from certain populations, in particular from several Native American tribes (8,9,26). In the present study, the prevalence of the ε4 and ε2 alleles was 13.5 and 6.5%, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have shown that there are three common ApoE alleles in populations throughout the world, known as ε2, ε3, and ε4, giving rise to 6 genotypes (ε2/ ε2, ε2/ε3, ε2/ε4, ε3/ε3, ε3/ε4, and ε4/ε4). Allelic frequencies vary widely, with ε3 being the most common (wild type), while ε4 is more frequent in certain populations from Africa (4-6), northern Europe (5,7), Oceania (7), and in native Americans (8,9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Community-based studies on ApoE polymorphism conducted in well-defined Brazilian populations are scarce (25), and all of them were small, involving populations of less than 500 subjects (8,9,(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30). The present study describes ApoE allele and genotype distribution in an elderly communitybased sample of 1408 subjects, and its association with age, gender and skin color.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Apolipoprotein E polymorphism distribution in an elderly Brazilian population: the Bambuí Health and Aging Study

Fuzikawa¹,

Peixoto²,

Taufer³

et al. 2007

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is one of the most extensively studied genes in the context of aging, but there are few population-based studies on ApoE polymorphism in the elderly in developing countries. The objective of the present study was to assess ApoE allele and genotype distribution in a large elderly community-based sample and its association with age, sex and skin color. Participants included 1408 subjects (80.8% of all residents aged ≥60 years) residing in Bambuí city, MG, Brazil. The DNA samples were subjected to the polymerase chain reaction amplification, followed by the restriction fragment length polymorphism technique, with digestion by HhaI. Analysis was carried out taking into consideration the six ApoE genotypes (ε3/ ε3, ε3/ε4, ε2/ε3, ε4/ε4, ε2/ε4, and ε2/ε2), the three ApoE alleles, and the number of ApoE4 alleles for each individual. The ε3 allele predominated (80.0%), followed by ε4 (13.5%) and ε2 (6.5%). All six possible genotypes were observed, the ε3/ε3 genotype being the most frequent (63.4%). This distribution was similar to that described in other western populations. Sex was not associated with number of ApoE4 alleles. Black skin color was significantly and independently associated with the presence of two ApoE4 alleles (age-sex adjusted OR = 7.38; 95%CI = 1. 93-28.25), showing that the African-Brazilian elderly have a high prevalence of the ε4 allele, as observed in blacks from Africa. No association between number of ApoE4 alleles and age was found, suggesting the absence of association of ApoE genotype with mortality in this population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Apolipoprotein E polymorphism distribution in an elderly Brazilian population: the Bambuí Health and Aging Study

Fuzikawa¹,

Peixoto²,

Taufer³

et al. 2007

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Lipoprotein lipase and APOE/APOC‐I/APOC‐II gene cluster diversity in native Brazilian populations

Andrade

Ewald

Salzano

et al. 2002

American J Hum Biol

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Allele and haplotype frequencies for the T-93G, Hind III, and Pvu II variants of the lipoprotein lipase gene (LPL), and Hpa I and Ava II restriction site polymorphisms (RSP) of the APOE/C-I/C-II gene cluster were determined in 143 individuals from five Brazilian Indian tribes. These results were integrated with those previously reported for APOE. Marked interethnic variability occurs in these sites. A strong linkage disequilibrium was observed between the APOE and APOC-I loci (D' = 0.81; P < 0.00001). Linkage disequilibrium between the Hind III and Pvu II RSPs of the LPL gene was also observed (D' = 1; P < 0.001), but none of these RSPs were in linkage disequilibrium with the T-93G mutation. Considering both loci, heterozygosity was estimated as 0.45, but it was lower in the Xavante and Surui populations, in accordance with the historical and biodemographical data of these Amerindians. The results reported here may have implications for understanding interpopulation differences in lipid levels and coronary heart disease prevalences.

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Phylogenetic information in polymorphic L1 and Alu insertions from East Asians and Native American populations

Pereira¹,

Socorro²,

Fernández³

et al. 2005

American J Phys Anthropol

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This study attempts to ascertain genetic affinities between Native American and East Asian populations by analyzing four polymorphic Alu insertions (PAIs) and three L1 polymorphic loci. These two genetic systems demonstrated strong congruence when levels of diversity and genetic distances were considered. Overall, genetic relatedness within Native American groups does not correlate with geographical and linguistic structure, although strong grouping for Native Americans with East Asians was demonstrated, with clear discrimination from African and European groups. Most of the variation was assigned to differences occurring within groups, but the interpopulation variation found for South Amerindians was recognizably higher in comparison to the other sampled groups of populations. Our data suggest that bottleneck events followed by strong influence of genetic drift in the process of the peopling of the Americas may have been determinant factors in delineating the genetic background of present-day South Amerindians. Since no clear subgroups were detected within Native Americans and East Asians, there is no indication of multiple waves in the early colonization of the New World.

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High heterogeneity of Apolipoprotein E gene frequencies in South American Indians

Cited by 23 publications

References 7 publications

Apolipoprotein E polymorphism distribution in an elderly Brazilian population: the Bambuí Health and Aging Study

Apolipoprotein E polymorphism distribution in an elderly Brazilian population: the Bambuí Health and Aging Study

Lipoprotein lipase and APOE/APOC‐I/APOC‐II gene cluster diversity in native Brazilian populations

Phylogenetic information in polymorphic L1 and Alu insertions from East Asians and Native American populations

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