High HIV Prevalence and Associated Factors in a Remote Community in the Rwenzori Region of Western Uganda

Rubaihayo, John; Surat, Akib; Ezekiel, Mughusu; Andrew, Abaasa

doi:10.4081/idr.2010.1585

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Four individuals were infected with HIV-1 subtype A1/D and one was infected with HIV-1 subtype A1. This infection frequency (17.9 %) is consistent with a previously reported HIV prevalence for this region of 16.1 % (Rubaihayo et al, 2010). One of the above patients, Hu20, was co-infected with HIV-1 subtype A1/D and HPgV.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Deep sequencing identifies two genotypes and high viral genetic diversity of human pegivirus (GB virus C) in rural Ugandan patients

Ghai

Sibley

Lauck

et al. 2013

Journal of General Virology

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Human pegivirus (HPgV), formerly 'GB virus C' or 'hepatitis G virus', is a member of the genus Flavivirus (Flaviviridae) that has garnered significant attention due to its inhibition of HIV, including slowing disease progression and prolonging survival in HIV-infected patients. Currently, there are six proposed HPgV genotypes that have roughly distinct geographical distributions. Genotypes 2 and 3 are the most comprehensively characterized, whereas those genotypes occurring on the African continent, where HPgV prevalence is highest, are less well studied. Using deep sequencing methods, we identified complete coding HPgV sequences in four of 28 patients (14.3 %) in rural Uganda, east Africa. One of these sequences corresponds to genotype 1 and is the first complete genome of this genotype from east Africa. The remaining three sequences correspond to genotype 5, a genotype that was previously considered exclusively South African. All four positive samples were collected within a geographical area of less than 25 km 2 , showing that multiple HPgV genotypes co-circulate in this area. Analysis of intra-host viral genetic diversity revealed that total single-nucleotide polymorphism frequency was approximately tenfold lower in HPgV than in hepatitis C virus. Finally, one patient was co-infected with HPgV and HIV, which, in combination with the high prevalence of HIV, suggests that this region would be a useful locale to study the interactions and co-evolution of these viruses. The nucleotide sequences reported in this study were deposited in GenBank with accession numbers KC618398-KC618401.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Deep sequencing identifies two genotypes and high viral genetic diversity of human pegivirus (GB virus C) in rural Ugandan patients

Ghai

Sibley

Lauck

et al. 2013

Journal of General Virology

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“…While the nation-wide prevalence of HIV in pregnant women is 6.1% [27], the prevalence of 13.4% in Kabarole district, Western Uganda, is among the highest in the country [28]. The total fertility rate of Ugandan women is 6.0 children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Option B+ for prevention of vertical HIV transmission has no influence on adverse birth outcomes in a cross-sectional cohort in Western Uganda

Rempis

Schnack

Decker

et al. 2017

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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BackgroundWhile most Sub-Saharan African countries are now implementing the WHO-recommended Option B+ protocol for prevention of vertical HIV transmission, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the influence of Option B+ exposure on adverse birth outcomes (ABOs). Against this background, we assessed ABOs among delivering women in Western Uganda.MethodsA cross-sectional, observational study was performed within a cohort of 412 mother-newborn-pairs in Virika Hospital, Fort Portal in 2013. The occurrence of stillbirth, pre-term delivery, and small size for gestational age (SGA) was analysed, looking for influencing factors related to HIV-status, antiretroviral drug exposure and duration, and other sociodemographic and clinical parameters.ResultsAmong 302 HIV-negative and 110 HIV-positive women, ABOs occurred in 40.5%, with stillbirth in 6.3%, pre-term delivery in 28.6%, and SGA in 12.2% of deliveries. For Option B+ intake (n = 59), no significant association was found with stillbirth (OR 0.48, p = 0.55), pre-term delivery (OR 0.97, p = 0.92) and SGA (OR 1.5, p = 0.3) compared to seronegative women. Women enrolled on antiretroviral therapy (ART) before conception (n = 38) had no different risk for ABOs than women on Option B+ or HIV-negative women. Identified risk factors for stillbirth included lack of formal education, poor socio-economic status, long travel distance, hypertension and anaemia. Pre-term delivery risk was increased with poor socio-economic status, primiparity, Malaria and anaemia. The occurrence of SGA was influenced by older age and Malaria.ConclusionIn our study, women on Option B+ showed no difference in ABOs compared to HIV-negative women and to women on ART. We identified several non-HIV/ART-related influencing factors, suggesting an urgent need for improving early risk assessment mechanisms in antenatal care through better screening and triage systems. Our results are encouraging with regard to continued universal scale-up of Option B+ and ART programmes.

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Factors Influencing Utilization of HIV Testing Services among Boda-Boda Riders in Kabarole District, Southwestern Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study

Ssekankya

Githaiga

Aleko

et al. 2021

BioMed Research International

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Background. HIV testing is an important step for entry and linkage into HIV care. Utilization of HIV testing services among transport workers may be challenging, because of the mobile nature of their jobs. We assessed utilization of HIV testing services and identified factors influencing the utilization of HIV testing services among motorcycle taxi (boda-boda) riders in Fort Portal Municipality, Kabarole District, Southwestern Uganda. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study among boda-boda riders, aged 18 years and above, from July 15 to July 29, 2020. We recruited participants through simple random sampling. Data were captured using a self-administered questionnaire. Binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with utilization of HIV testing services. Results. Of the 315 participants who received questionnaires, 305 (97%) responded. The mean age of the participants was 32 (±7.1) years and ranged from 18 to 55 years. Of the 305 participants, 238 reported having taken an HIV test and received results in the past 12 months, for an HIV testing utilization rate of 78.0% (95% CI: 73.0–82.6%). In multivariable analysis, participants who were less likely to utilize HIV testing services were those aged ≥30 years ( aOR = 0.33 ; 95% CI: 0.16–0.70, P = 0.004 ) and those who had HIV-related stigma ( aOR = 0.27 ; 95% CI: 0.08–0.88, P = 0.030 ). Participants who were more likely to utilize HIV testing services were those who knew HIV status of their primary partners ( aOR = 4.23 ; 95% CI: 1.24–14.49, P = 0.022 ) and those who had good knowledge on HIV/AIDS ( aOR = 3.94 ; 95% CI: 1.65–9.41, P = 0.002 ). Conclusions. Utilization of HIV testing services among the boda-boda riders in Fort Portal Municipality, Southwestern Uganda, was high. More efforts should focus on targeting older boda-boda riders for HIV testing, reduction of HIV-related stigma, improving knowledge on HIV/AIDS, and encouraging communication and disclosure between partners, in order to consolidate the gains made in HIV testing services in this bridge population.

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High HIV Prevalence and Associated Factors in a Remote Community in the Rwenzori Region of Western Uganda

Abstract: In Uganda, previous studies have shown a tremendous decline in HIV prevalence over

Cited by 8 publications

References 26 publications

Deep sequencing identifies two genotypes and high viral genetic diversity of human pegivirus (GB virus C) in rural Ugandan patients

Deep sequencing identifies two genotypes and high viral genetic diversity of human pegivirus (GB virus C) in rural Ugandan patients

Option B+ for prevention of vertical HIV transmission has no influence on adverse birth outcomes in a cross-sectional cohort in Western Uganda

Factors Influencing Utilization of HIV Testing Services among Boda-Boda Riders in Kabarole District, Southwestern Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study

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