High-humidity deterioration and internal structure change of epoxy resin for electrical insulation

Recent advances in isotropic conductive adhesives for electronics packaging applications

“…Polymer systems are susceptible to warm; moist environments and can considerably alter the performance of the adhesives. Moisture absorbed in a polymer matrix can lead to a wide range of effects, both reversible and irreversible, including plasticization by weakening the intermolecular interactions among the functional groups of the chains [124,125], debonding at filler-matrix interfaces [126][127][128], leaching of unreacted functional groups [129], structural damage such as microcavities or crazes [130,131], further crosslinking [21,132], and chemical degradation of the matrix due to hydrolysis and oxidation during long-term exposure to water [129]. In response to the effects of water in polymers, the thermal properties such as the glass transition temperature, damping properties [124], and mechanical properties including tensile strength, moduli, and the failure strain [127,133,134], and fracture toughness [131,134] can be significantly affected.…”

Modelling the effect of moisture on the depth sensing indentation response of a stereolithography polymer

“…Long-term exposure can involve a decrease in the molecular weight due to chain scission or the breaking of cross-links in the polymer network [15]. Absorbed moisture significantly affects the mechanical properties and glass transition temperature (T g ) of polymeric materials [6,7,9,16,17]. The changes in mechanical property of polymeric components due to moisture absorption can be related to their performance and can be scrutinized by performing tensile tests, shear tests, microhardness tests, DSI tests etc.…”

“…Moisture absorption in polymers leads to a range of effects, such as plasticization by weakening of the intermolecular interactions among the functional groups of the chains [5,6], de-bonding at filler-matrix interfaces [7][8][9], structural damage, such as micro-cavities or crazes [10,11], and chemical degradation of the polymer matrix due to hydrolysis and oxidation [10][11][12]. It can also involve the generation of free radicals or other reactive species which may act as plasticizers or reactants [13,14].…”

Investigation of the effect of relative humidity on polymers by depth sensing indentation

“…Long-term exposure can decreasethe molecular weight due to chain scission or the breaking of cross-links in the polymer network [16]. Absorbed moisture significantly affects the mechanical properties and glass transition temperature (T g ) of polymeric materials [6,7,9,17,18]. The changes in mechanical property of polymeric components due to moisture absorption can be examined by performing mechanical testsafter moistureconditioning samples.…”

“…In polymers, moisture absorption canlead to a wide range of effects,both reversible and irreversible, such as plasticization by weakening of the intermolecular interactions among the functional groups of the chains [5,6], de-bonding at filler-matrix interfaces [7][8][9], leaching of un-reacted functional groups [10],structural damage such as micro-cavities or crazes [11,12], and chemical degradation of the polymer matrix due to hydrolysis and oxidation [11][12][13]. It can also involve the generation of free radicals or other reactive species,which may act as plasticizersor reactants [14,15].…”