High Hyaluronic Acid and Low Dermatan Sulfate Contents in Human Pulmonary Arteries Compared to in the Aorta

Murata, Katsuyuki; Yokoyama, Yasuhisa

doi:10.1159/000158716

Cited by 7 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The values for dermatan sulfate are at variance with those of Murata and Yokoyama, 40 who detected lesser amounts of this GAG in the pulmonary artery compared with the aorta. The iliac and pulmonary arteries may have sulfated GAGs with different charge densities from those of the aortas, as demonstrated by variations in the elution profiles from ion-exchange chromatography (Fig 1A through ID).…”

Section: -33supporting

confidence: 62%

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Glycosaminoglycan fractions from human arteries presenting diverse susceptibilities to atherosclerosis have different binding affinities to plasma LDL.

Cardoso

Mourāo

1994

Arterioscler Thromb

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The topographic distribution of atherosclerotic lesions is influenced by biochemical factors intrinsic to the arterial wall. In the present work we have investigated whether the composition/chemical structure of glycosaminoglycans constitutes one of these factors. Normal human arteries were obtained at necropsy, and in order of decreasing susceptibility to atherosclerosis, consisted of the abdominal and thoracic aortas and the iliac and pulmonary arteries. The results showed similar concentrations of total glycosaminoglycan and collagen. Of the glycosaminoglycans known to interact with low-density lipoprotein (LDL), dermatan sulfate was present in all arteries in comparable concentrations, but the aortas had a 30% higher content of chondroitin 4/6-sulfate, which in turn was slightly enriched in 6-sulfated disaccharide units. LDLaffinity chromatography with dermatan sulfate+chondroitin 4/6-sulfate fractions demonstrated that increasing affinity to LDL matched an increasing susceptibility to atherosclerosis. Analysis of glycosaminoglycans in the eluates indicated a positive correlation between affinity to LDL and increasing molecular weight and the existence of a fraction of glycosaminoglycans of high affinity to LDL in the aortas only. These results suggest that arterial glycosaminoglycans participate in the multifactorial mechanisms that modulate the differential localization of atherosclerotic lesions. 1 However, factors intrinsic to the arterial bed and its bloodcarrying functions also influence the occurrence of lesions. The primary evidence came from morphological study of necropsy material, which demonstrated that the incidence and/or severity of atherosclerotic lesions differed as a function of anatomic location.2 -3 Additionally, these studies revealed that in affected arteries, lesions tended to be located at critical sites, such as the entrances of vessels and flow dividers, where the effects of fluid turbulence would be more pronounced. Experimental physiological investigations have supported these findings 68 and have shown that the shear force due to blood circulation, chiefly at arterial pressures, is an important cause of endothelial dysfunction at these sites. 9 Still, arterial geometry and pressure are not sufficient to explain the localization of lesions, since major areas of high risk for atherosclerosis also occur away from the ostia and bifurcations 10 and some arteries subjected to normal arterial blood pressure are little affected by atherosclerosis. and the activity of acid cholesterol esterase 14 vary among vessels, and this variation could be related to differences in atherosclerosis susceptibility. A further aspect of arterial constitution that has been correlated with regional differences in the incidence of atherosclerosis is the degree of folding of the internal elastic membrane in humans, 15 which somehow reflects the amount of elastin in the vessel wall.Taken together, the results of these mostly recent studies show that focal metabolic and biochemical factors inherent in...

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Section: -33supporting

confidence: 62%

“…The higher concentration of hyaluronic acid in the pulmonary artery confirms previously published results. 40 The aortas have similar contents of dermatan sulfate but higher contents of chondroitin 4/6-sulfate, and these GAGs have been reported to have significant interactions with LDL.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Glycosaminoglycan fractions from human arteries presenting diverse susceptibilities to atherosclerosis have different binding affinities to plasma LDL.

Cardoso

Mourāo

1994

Arterioscler Thromb

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“…The preparation and analysis of GAGs were carried out as described in the literature [4,5,8,[13][14][15]. The tissues, 1.98 g mean wet tissue weight, were cut with scissors in pieces (3 mm3) and imme diately boiled to inactivate any endogenous enzymatic activity.…”

Section: Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…special ly of GAGs eluted with 1.5 and 1.75 M NaCI solution on Dowex column, was carried out, described elsewhere [8-11, [13][14][15]. The GAG components (approximately 400 gg uronic acid) were exhaus tively digested with either chondroitinasc-ABC (0.5 units) in Tris buffer at pH 8.0 or AC-lyase (0.75 units) at pH 6.0 at 37°C for 120 min.…”

Section: Enzym Ic Digestionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The GAG components (approximately 400 gg uronic acid) were exhaus tively digested with either chondroitinasc-ABC (0.5 units) in Tris buffer at pH 8.0 or AC-lyase (0.75 units) at pH 6.0 at 37°C for 120 min. HA (approximately 100 gg uronic acid) at 0.5 and 0.75 M fractions were digested with Streptomyces hyaluronidase (20 turbidi ty-reducing units) [15,18]. The GAGs estimated as DS eluting between 1.5 and 3.0 M NaCI were digested with chondroitinase-B [11].…”

Section: Enzym Ic Digestionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Glycosaminoglycan Components in Duodenum with Advancing Age and in Patients with Progressive Systemic Sclerosis

Murata¹,

Sekino

Ikeda

et al. 1995

Digestion

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The glycosaminoglycan (GAG) components in normal human duodenal tissue and in duodenal GAGs of patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) were characterized at the macromolecular level by electrophoresis combined with various GAG-specific digestion. High-performance liquid chromatographic assay quantified various unsaturated disaccharides derived from chondroitin sulfate and dermatan sulfate isomers (DS). The data obtained showed that on average, the total GAG content was 1.02 mg as uronic acid/g dry tissue weight, and the main GAGs were DS (33% of total GAGs), and heparan sulfates (HS, 27%), followed by hyaluronic acid (HA, 14%) and over-sulfated DS (10%), and small amounts of chondroitin, chondroitin-4- and -6-sulfates (C-4S and C-6S, totally 16%). With advancing age, the proportion of DS, HS and oversulfated DS increased, while HA, chondroitin and C-4S decreased. The composition of duodenal GAGs in PSS patients was similar to that in the aged: a higher proportion of DS isomers and HS and a lower proportion of HA and chondroitin. As the structure of sulfated GAGs differs with advancing age and in patients with PSS, GAGs may have a role in duodenal function and metabolism.

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The impact of hyaluronic acid oligomer content on physical, mechanical, and biologic properties of divinyl sulfone‐crosslinked hyaluronic acid hydrogels

Ibrahim

Kang

Ramamurthi

2010

J Biomedical Materials Res

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In recent studies, we showed that exogenous hyaluronic acid oligomers (HA-o) stimulate functional endothelialization, though native long-chain HA is more bioinert and possibly more biocompatible. Thus, in this study, hydrogels containing high molecular weight (HMW) HA (1×10 6 Da) and HA oligomer mixtures (HA-o: 0.75-10 kDa) were created by crosslinking with divinyl sulfone (DVS). The incorporation of HA oligomers was found to compromise the physical and mechanical properties of the gels (rheology, apparent crosslinking density, swelling ratio, degradation) and to very mildly enhance inflammatory cell recruitment in vivo; increasing the DVS crosslinker content within the gels in general, had the opposite effect, though the relatively high concentration of DVS within these gels (necessary to create a solid gel) also stimulated a mild sub-cutaneous inflammatory response in vivo and VCAM-1 expression by ECs cultured atop; ICAM-expression levels remained very low irrespective extent of DVS crosslinking or HA-o content. The greatest EC attachment and proliferation (MTT assay) was observed on gels that contained the highest amount of HA-o. The study shows that the beneficial EC response to HA oligomers and biocompatibility of HA is mostly unaltered by their chemical derivatization and crosslinking into a hydrogel. However, the study also demonstrates that the relatively high concentrations of DVS, necessary to create solid gels, compromises their biocompatibility. Moreover, the poor mechanics of even these heavily crosslinked gels, in the context of vascular implantation, necessitates the investigation of other, more appropriate crosslinking agents. Alternately, the outcomes of this study may be used to guide an approach based on chemical immobilization and controlled surface-presentation of both bioactive HA oligomers and more biocompatible HMW HAon synthetic or tissue engineered grafts already in use, without the use of a crosslinker, so that improved, predictable, and functional endothelialization can be achieved, and the need to create a mechanically compliant biomaterial for standalone use, circumvented.

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High Hyaluronic Acid and Low Dermatan Sulfate Contents in Human Pulmonary Arteries Compared to in the Aorta

Cited by 7 publications

References 33 publications

Glycosaminoglycan fractions from human arteries presenting diverse susceptibilities to atherosclerosis have different binding affinities to plasma LDL.

Glycosaminoglycan fractions from human arteries presenting diverse susceptibilities to atherosclerosis have different binding affinities to plasma LDL.

Glycosaminoglycan Components in Duodenum with Advancing Age and in Patients with Progressive Systemic Sclerosis

The impact of hyaluronic acid oligomer content on physical, mechanical, and biologic properties of divinyl sulfone‐crosslinked hyaluronic acid hydrogels

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