High In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Pac-525 againstPorphyromonas gingivalisBiofilms Cultured on Titanium

Abstract

In order to investigate the potential of short antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as alternative antibacterial agents during the treatment of peri-implantitis, the cytotoxic activity of three short AMPs, that is, Pac-525, KSL-W, and KSL, was determined using the MTT assay. The antimicrobial activity of these AMPs, ranging in concentration from 0.0039 mg/mL to 0.5 mg/mL, against the predominant planktonic pathogens, including Streptococcus sanguis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Porphyromonas gingivalis, involved in peri-implantitis was investigated. Furthermore, 2-day-old P. gingivalis biofilms cultured on titanium surfaces were treated with Pac-525 and subsequently observed and analysed using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The average cell proliferation curve indicated that there was no cytotoxicity due to the three short AMPs. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration values of Pac-525 were 0.0625 mg/mL and 0.125 mg/mL, respectively, for P. gingivalis and 0.0078 mg/mL and 0.0156 mg/mL, respectively, for F. nucleatum. Using CLSM, we confirmed that compared to 0.1% chlorhexidine, 0.5 mg/mL of Pac-525 caused a significant decrease in biofilm thickness and a decline in the percentage of live bacteria. These data indicate that Pac-525 has unique properties that might make it suitable for the inhibition the growth of pathogenic bacteria around dental implants.

Fabrication of Antimicrobial Peptide-Loaded PLGA/Chitosan Composite Microspheres for Long-Acting Bacterial Resistance

“…The concentration of released KSL-W was measured and is shown in Figure 3 B. After 80 days of incubation and drug release, the concentration of KSL-W was about 0.02 mg/mL, which is still higher than the minimum bacterial-inhibitory concentration of KSL-W (0.0156 mg/mL) [ 27 ].…”

“…The minimum inhibitory concentration against F.n. reported in the previous study is about 0.0156 mg/mL [ 27 ]. Yet, the minimum concentration of KSL-W solution after 80 days of incubation in our study was about 0.0190 mg/mL, which was still higher than the minimum inhibitory concentration reported previously, showing effective antibiotic activity.…”

Melatonin Receptor Agonists as the “Perioceutics” Agents for Periodontal Disease through Modulation of Porphyromonas gingivalis Virulence and Inflammatory Response

“…As far as most oral pathogenic species are concerned, one of the most key virulence factors is the ability to form biofilms. Bacteria within a biofilm are less sensitive to antimicrobial agents than their planktonic counterparts and exhibit insensitivity to host defense systems [43–45]. So, we studied the effects of melatonin and ramelteon on Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilms, based on MIC and MBC results suggesting that they inhibit planktonic bacteria.…”

Antimicrobial dental implant functionalization strategies —A systematic review

“…Antimicrobial peptides (AMP) have recently been used to improve implant performance, as they possess broad spectrum activity against bacteria, fungi and virus. Covalent anchoring of AMPs to implant surfaces is a feasible approach to create passive antimicrobial surfaces and has recently been shown to effectively inhibit bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation in vitro 152,154) . Unlike antibiotics, natural AMPs may spare the normal flora and kill only pathogenic bacteria.…”