High incidence of lung cancer and malignant mesothelioma linked to erionite fibre exposure in a rural community in Central Mexico: Table 1

Ortega-Guerrero, M. Adrián; Carrasco-Núñez, Gerardo; Barragán-Campos, Héctor Manuel; Ortega, Martín Robles

doi:10.1136/oemed-2013-101957

Cited by 45 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This is but one example of a recent environmental phenomenon with the development of rural areas in which some communities are inadvertently being exposed to carcinogenic fibers that are present in the environment and are released in the air because of human activities (mining, road construction, off‐road driving, etc) . Exposure and human disease, including mesothelioma caused by mineral fibers present in the environment, were documented in Turkey (erionite fibers), in Mexico (erionite), in New Caledonia (antigorite fibers) and other countries, and more recently in the states of North Dakota (erionite), Nevada (mainly actinolite asbestos and also the other types of “asbestos” fibers [erionite, winchite, richterite, and antigorite]), and California (mainly chrysotile and tremolite) . In some of these countries and states, measures were introduced to reduce or eliminate exposure and prevent mesothelioma in future generations .…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesothelioma: Scientific clues for prevention, diagnosis, and therapy

Carbone

Adusumilli

Alexander

et al. 2019

CA A Cancer J Clinicians

377

488

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Mesothelioma affects mostly older individuals who have been occupationally exposed to asbestos. The global mesothelioma incidence and mortality rates are unknown, because data are not available from developing countries that continue to use large amounts of asbestos. The incidence rate of mesothelioma has decreased in Australia, the United States, and Western Europe, where the use of asbestos was banned or strictly regulated in the 1970s and 1980s, demonstrating the value of these preventive measures. However, in these same countries, the overall number of deaths from mesothelioma has not decreased as the size of the population and the percentage of old people have increased. Moreover, hotspots of mesothelioma may occur when carcinogenic fibers that are present in the environment are disturbed as rural areas are being developed. Novel immunohistochemical and molecular markers have improved the accuracy of diagnosis; however, about 14% (high-resource countries) to 50% (developing countries) of mesothelioma diagnoses are incorrect, resulting in inadequate treatment and complicating epidemiological studies. The discovery that germline BRCA1-asssociated protein 1 (BAP1) mutations cause mesothelioma and other cancers (BAP1 cancer syndrome) elucidated some of the key pathogenic mechanisms, and treatments targeting these molecular mechanisms and/or modulating the immune response are being tested. The role of surgery in pleural mesothelioma is controversial as it is difficult to predict who will benefit from aggressive management, even when local therapies are added to existing or novel systemic treatments. Treatment outcomes are improving, however, for peritoneal mesothelioma. Multidisciplinary international collaboration will be necessary to improve prevention, early detection, and treatment. CA Cancer J Clin 2019;69:402-429.

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Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesothelioma: Scientific clues for prevention, diagnosis, and therapy

Carbone

Adusumilli

Alexander

et al. 2019

CA A Cancer J Clinicians

377

488

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“…25,26 In consideration of the high concentration of erionite fibers in North America as noted above, perhaps it is not surprising that a high incidence of lung cancer and malignant mesothelioma has been identified in 1 rural area with erionite contamination. 27 Kliment et al 28 reported a case of a 47-year-old Mexican emigrant to the United States who was diagnosed with malignant pleural mesothelioma and pleural plaques. He had lived the first 20 to 25 years of his life in Central Mexico, and fiber burden analysis demonstrated considerable quantities of high-aspect ratio erionite fibers in the patient's lung tissue.…”

Section: Mineral Fibers Other Than Asbestos Erionitementioning

confidence: 99%

Malignant Mesothelioma and Its Non-Asbestos Causes

Attanoos

Churg

Galateau-Salle

et al. 2018

Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine

177

129

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- Currently, most pleural mesotheliomas (70% to 90%) in men in Europe and North America are attributable to asbestos exposure; for peritoneal mesothelioma the proportion is lower. In North America few mesotheliomas in women at any site are attributable to asbestos exposure, but in Europe the proportion is higher and varies considerably by locale. In certain geographic locations other types of mineral fibers (erionite, fluoro-edenite, and probably balangeroite) can induce mesothelioma. Therapeutic radiation for other malignancies is a well-established cause of mesothelioma, with relative risks as high as 30. Carbon nanotubes can also induce mesotheliomas in animals but there are no human epidemiologic data that shed light on this issue. Chronic pleural inflammation may be a cause of mesothelioma but the data are scanty. Although SV40 can induce mesotheliomas in animals, in humans the epidemiologic data are against a causative role. A small number of mesotheliomas (probably in the order of 1%) are caused by germline mutations/deletions of BRCA1-associated protein-1 ( BAP1) in kindreds that also develop a variety of other cancers. All of these alternative etiologies account for a small proportion of tumors, and most mesotheliomas not clearly attributable to asbestos exposure are spontaneous (idiopathic).

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“…A potential carcinogenic hazard of offretite fibres has neither been confirmed nor dismissed so far and it remains unclear whether the mineralogical distinction between erionite and offretite has any health implications. Recently, the epidemiological, mineralogical and toxicological effects of erionite have been intensively investigated [12,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Studies regarding erionite fibres were conducted on their interacting capability and the interactions with micelles and model membranes [26,27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Observation of Fibrous Zeolites Reactivity in Contact with Simulated Lung Fluids (SLFs) Obtained by Atomic Force Microscope (AFM)

et al. 2019

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Inhalation of fibrous erionite particles has been linked to malignant mesothelioma. Accordingly, erionite is considered the most carcinogenic mineral. The reactivity and the nature of erionite biotoxicity has been the subject of intensive research. Despite very close chemical and structural relationships between erionite and offretite, the reactivity of offretite in lung fluids remains unknown. In this paper, the interaction of erionite and offretite surfaces with simulated lung fluids was investigated by means of in situ atomic force microscope (AFM). To simulate different environments in the lungs, artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF) and Gamble's solution were used. In ALF (4.15 < pH < 4.31) the dissolution of erionite and offretite surfaces was detected, as well as an evident removal of particles (mainly attributed to impurities) from the crystal faces. Instead, the growth of a layer of a yet unknown phase on the surface of both zeolites was observed during the interaction with Gamble's solution (7.4 < pH < 8.48). The thickness of this layer reached a few tens of nanometers and covered all the observed areas. The understanding of the observed processes is of paramount importance, since they could be potentially involved in the mechanisms triggering the toxicological effects of erionite fibres.

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High incidence of lung cancer and malignant mesothelioma linked to erionite fibre exposure in a rural community in Central Mexico: Table 1

Abstract: These results indicate that environmental exposure to erionite is the main cause of the high rates of MM mortality in the Village of Tierra Blanca, supporting previous similar reports for people exposed to erionite fibres in villages in Turkey.

Cited by 45 publications

References 10 publications

Mesothelioma: Scientific clues for prevention, diagnosis, and therapy

Mesothelioma: Scientific clues for prevention, diagnosis, and therapy

Malignant Mesothelioma and Its Non-Asbestos Causes

Real-Time Observation of Fibrous Zeolites Reactivity in Contact with Simulated Lung Fluids (SLFs) Obtained by Atomic Force Microscope (AFM)

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