High Intensity Exercise: A Cause of Lymphocyte Apoptosis?

Mars, Maurice; Govender, S.; Weston, Adèle R.; Naicker, Vincent Louis; Chuturgoon, Anil A.

doi:10.1006/bbrc.1998.9156

Cited by 147 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The data indicate that ADX does not prevent the loss of lymphocytes from the intestinal mucosa 24 h after strenuous exercise and GCs are not directly causal in the leukopenia of exercise. treadmill running; adrenal glands; glucocorticoids NUMEROUS STUDIES HAVE SHOWN that acute exercise is associated with induction of apoptosis or programmed cell death and loss of lymphocytes from blood, thymus, and spleen in humans and laboratory animals (9,20,28,29). Lymphocyte loss and/or apoptosis have been observed in other situations characterized by extreme physiological stress, including burn injury (15), electrical shock (48), and chronic restraint stress (42), and may reflect release of stress hormones, in particular glucocorticoids (GCs).…”

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confidence: 99%

Adrenalectomy in mice does not prevent loss of intestinal lymphocytes after exercise

Hoffman‐Goetz

Quadrilatero

Boudreau

et al. 2004

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Exhaustive exercise is associated with an increase in circulating glucocorticoids (GCs), lymphocyte apoptosis, and a reduction in intestinal lymphocyte number. The present study examined the role of GCs on the numerical changes seen in intestinal lymphocytes after exercise. Female C57BL/6 mice were bilaterally adrenalectomized (ADX; n ϭ 18) or given sham surgery (Sham; n ϭ 18) and assigned to one of three exercise conditions: treadmill running (28 m/min, 90 min, 2°slope) and killed immediately or after 24 h recovery, or not exercised and killed immediately after 90-min exposure to the treadmill environment. Lymphocytes were isolated from the intestines with CD45 ϩ cells collected by positive selection using magnetic bead separation columns, and lymphocyte subpopulations were analyzed by flow cytometry for CD45 ϩ , CD3␣␤ ϩ , CD3␥␦ ϩ , CD8␤ ϩ , CD8␣ ϩ , CD4 ϩ , and NK ϩ phenotypic markers. ADX mice had significantly more intestinal CD45 ϩ leukocytes (P Ͻ 0.05) and CD3␣␤ ϩ (P Ͻ 0.05), CD3␥␦ ϩ (P Ͻ 0.01), CD8␣ ϩ (P Ͻ 0.001), and NK ϩ (P Ͻ 0.05) intestinal lymphocytes than Sham mice. There was a significant effect of exercise condition on total intestinal CD45 ϩ leukocytes (P Ͻ 0.01) and CD3␣␤ ϩ (P Ͻ 0.05), CD8␣ ϩ (P Ͻ 0.001), and CD4 ϩ (P Ͻ 0.05) intestinal lymphocytes, with fewer cells at 24 h postexercise compared with the other treatment conditions. There were no surgical ϫ exercise interaction effects on the CD3 and CD8 phenotype numbers. Plasma corticosterone was virtually nil in ADX mice regardless of exercise condition but was significantly elevated in Sham mice immediately postexercise (P Ͻ 0.001). The data indicate that ADX does not prevent the loss of lymphocytes from the intestinal mucosa 24 h after strenuous exercise and GCs are not directly causal in the leukopenia of exercise. treadmill running; adrenal glands; glucocorticoids NUMEROUS STUDIES HAVE SHOWN that acute exercise is associated with induction of apoptosis or programmed cell death and loss of lymphocytes from blood, thymus, and spleen in humans and laboratory animals (9,20,28,29). Lymphocyte loss and/or apoptosis have been observed in other situations characterized by extreme physiological stress, including burn injury (15), electrical shock (48), and chronic restraint stress (42), and may reflect release of stress hormones, in particular glucocorticoids (GCs). GCs trigger apoptosis in lymphocytes by acting on an intracellular pathway via the mitochondria (2), which results in the accumulation of mitochondrial derived cytochrome c within the cytosol, loss of mitochondrial membrane integrity, externalization of phosphatidylserine at cell membranes, and DNA fragmentation (27,45).The intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) are a unique population of T cells that function as a first line of defense against exogenous pathogens, many of which develop independently of the thymus gland [i.e., T cells with the ␥␦ form of the T cell receptor (TCR)] (35). IELs play an important role in protection from epithelial tumor cells through their function a...

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confidence: 99%

Adrenalectomy in mice does not prevent loss of intestinal lymphocytes after exercise

Hoffman‐Goetz

Quadrilatero

Boudreau

et al. 2004

Journal of Applied Physiology

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“…Já em relação aos exercícios de alta intensidade, alvo deste estudo (>65% do VO 2máx ), estes parecem diminuir as respostas imunes devido a glutamina ser convertida em glicose por intermédio do fígado através da neoglicogênese, contribuindo com o metabolismo glicolítico para a manutenção da alta intensidade do esforço, deixando então de atuar junto ao sistema imunológico e por consequência disto, dá-se início ao processo de imunossupressão transitória 13,18,19,20 .…”

Section: Conclusãounclassified

“…El tiempo de prueba fue también significativamente mayor para el grupo no dermopigmentado en comparación con el grupo con dermopigmentación (8 min pois a glutamina passa a ser convertida em glicose por intermédio do fígado através do processo de neoglicogênese, contribuindo com o metabolismo glicolítico para a manutenção destas atividades, deixando então de atuar junto ao sistema imunológico 13,[18][19][20] .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Desempenho De Indivíduos Com Dermopigmentação Submetidos À Prática De Exercício Físico

Uzunian

Marquezi

Ugolini

et al. 2016

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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RESUMOIntrodução: A duração e a intensidade dos exercícios provocam diferentes alterações no sistema imunológico, dentre elas a diminuição das respostas imunes, acarretando queda no desempenho físico. Sabe-se também que a dermopigmentação pode colaborar com tais alterações no comportamento deste sistema. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da dermopigmentação sobre o desempenho no exercício físico. Método: Neste ensaio clínico participaram 12 sujeitos, dentre eles seis com dermopigmentação, idade (anos), peso (Kg), estatura (cm) e gordura corporal (%) de 16,5 ± 1,16; 68,10 ± 6,83; 176,29 ± 7,71; 11,49 ± 0,58 respectivamente, divididos em dois grupos, sendo submetidos a teste de esforço máximo com intensidade progressiva em esteira ergométrica para determinação do consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2 máx ), limiares anaeróbios (LAns) e economia de corrida (EC 14km/h %), sendo realizadas coletas de lactato pré e 5 minutos pós-teste. Os dados foram tratados por "teste t" para variáveis independentes, tendo como nível de significância adotado α < 0,05. Resultados: Foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os grupos em relação à concentração sanguínea de lactato (CSL) pré-teste (4,6 ± 0,11 e 3,23 ± 0,88 para dermopigmentados e não dermopigmentados, respectivamente; p < 0,05) e 5 minutos pós-teste (5,65 ± 0,49 e 13,13 ± 2,20 para dermopigmentados e não dermopigmentados, respectivamente; p < 0,05). O tempo de teste também foi significativamente superior para o grupo não dermopigmentado em comparação ao grupo com dermopigmentação (8 min 47 seg ± 0,08 e 7 min 39 seg ± 0,03 respectivamente; p < 0,05), bem como análise do WURSS-21 (3,33 ± 3,14 e 2,00 ± 1,09, respectivamente; p > 0,05). Em relação às demais variáveis dependentes (VO2 máx , segundo limiar anaeróbio e economia de corrida) não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas. Conclusão: A dermopigmentação produziu rendimento inferior no teste de esforço máximo, influenciando o desempenho no exercício físico.Descritores: esforço físico, tatuagem, imunidade. 16.5 ± 1.16; 68.10 ± 6.83; 176.29 ± 7.71; 11.49 ± 0.58, respectively, divided (4.6 ± 0.11 and 3.23 ± 0.88 for the dermal pigmented and non-dermal pigmented groups, respectively; p <0.05) and 5 minutes post-test (5.65 ± 0.49 and 13.13 ± 2.20 ABSTRACT Introduction: Duration and intensity of exercises cause different alterations in the immunity

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“…From 12 km/h, only the gradient was increased by 1% per minute until exhaustion. 23 Standard criteria were used to ensure attainment of VO 2max.…”

Section: Body Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-allergic activation of eosinophils after strenuous endurance exercise

McKune

Smith

Semple

et al. 2004

S. Afr. j. sports med.

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High Intensity Exercise: A Cause of Lymphocyte Apoptosis?

Cited by 147 publications

References 16 publications

Adrenalectomy in mice does not prevent loss of intestinal lymphocytes after exercise

Adrenalectomy in mice does not prevent loss of intestinal lymphocytes after exercise

Desempenho De Indivíduos Com Dermopigmentação Submetidos À Prática De Exercício Físico

Non-allergic activation of eosinophils after strenuous endurance exercise

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