High Intensity Exercise Affects Diurnal Variation of Some Biological Markers in Trained Subjects

Abstract

The study investigated if markers of muscle injury and antioxidant status were affected by a Wingate test performed at 2 different times of day. 15 young male footballers performed 2 tests (randomized) at 07:00-h and 17:00-h. Fasting blood samples were collected before and 3 min after each test for assessment of markers of muscle injury and antioxidant status. Resting oral temperature was recorded during each session. Peak power (10.76 ± 1.05 vs. 11.15 ± 0.83 W.kg( - 1)) and fatigue index (0.41 ± 0.04 vs. 0.49 ± 0.13%) during the Wingate test, and core temperature, were significantly higher (all p<0.05) in the evening. Markers of muscle injury were significantly higher in the evening before and after exercise (e. g., 148.7 ± 67.05 vs. 195 ± 74.6 and 191.6 ± 79.52 vs. 263.6 ± 96.06 IU.L (- 1), respectively, for creatine kinase; both p<0.001). Antioxidant parameters increased after the Wingate test but only resting values were significantly higher in the morning (e. g., 1.33 ± 0.19 vs. 1.19 ± 0.14 µmol.L (- 1) for total antioxidant status; p<0.05). The results indicate that muscle injury and antioxidant activity after the Wingate test were higher in the evening, suggesting a possible link between the biochemical measures and the diurnal fluctuation of anaerobic performance. However, repetition of this study after prescribed rather than self-selected exercise intensity is recommended.

Relationship between biomarkers of muscle damage and redox status in response to a weightlifting training session: effect of time-of-day

“…In addition, it has also been suggested that increases in total bilirubin (TBIL) and uric acid (UA) levels are thought to reflect the imbalances in protein metabolic homeostasis and increased protein catabolism associated with tissue damage (i.e., CK and LDH increases) (32). Moreover, the previous studies have confirmed that there is a causal link between the diurnal variation of resting WBC, CK, and LDH and the circadian rhythm of core temperature in soccer players (16). From the evidence of similarity in the time of peak between temperature, muscle damage, and MDA levels (20), Kanabrocki et al (22) demonstrated a correlation between increased oxidative damage and increased rate of anabolic-catabolic events (e.g., oral temperature).…”

“…1). Olympic exercises and training hours were chosen according to the peak and the minimum of circadian rhythm of anaerobic performances and with regard to the findings reported in the literature (2,3,16).…”

“…These parameters as well as the white blood cells (WBCs) and their subpopulations have also been identified as indicators of muscle fatigue and overtraining (35,45). It has been shown that rugby sevens match (41) or high-intensity maximal tasks such as intermittent running, sprinting, jumping, resistance exercises (33,45), or Wingate test (16) resulted in transient leukocytosis and increase in biochemical markers of muscular damage for up to 10 days after exercise (10). Particularly, after a single weightlifting session (3) or 1 week of intensive weightlifting training (25,33), a profound increase (i.e., up to 2 days and 1 week, respectively) of the above-mentioned parameters have been reported.…”

“…Particularly, after a single weightlifting session (3) or 1 week of intensive weightlifting training (25,33), a profound increase (i.e., up to 2 days and 1 week, respectively) of the above-mentioned parameters have been reported. On the other hand, resting WBC, CK, and LDH have been shown to be affected by circadian rhythms in weightlifters (3) and soccer players (16) with acrophases generally observed at 17:00 close to the peak values of the oral temperature (36). In addition, a transient leukocytosis and increase in muscle damage have been reported after high-intensity exercise (e.g., repeated sprint and Wingate test) with higher post-exercise values observed at 17:00 compared to 07:00 (16)(17)(18).…”

“…On the other hand, resting WBC, CK, and LDH have been shown to be affected by circadian rhythms in weightlifters (3) and soccer players (16) with acrophases generally observed at 17:00 close to the peak values of the oral temperature (36). In addition, a transient leukocytosis and increase in muscle damage have been reported after high-intensity exercise (e.g., repeated sprint and Wingate test) with higher post-exercise values observed at 17:00 compared to 07:00 (16)(17)(18). However, after a weightlifting training session, an alteration of the diurnal variation of WBC, CK, and LDH has been reported (3).…”