High intensity illumination effects in LiNbO3 and KTiOPO4 waveguides

Егер, Д.; Arbore, M. A.; Fejer, M. M.; Bortz, Michael

doi:10.1063/1.365939

Cited by 27 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Thereafter, the SH power shows significant fluctuations. These are related to the photorefractive effect, [7][8][9][10][11][12] which cannot only change the efficiency of SHG but also increase noise in the SH wave.…”

Section: Shg With 532 Nm Irradiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, high-power light sources (up to ∼200 mW) are required to achieve efficient conversions in many practical applications [6,7]. It has been found that LiNbO 3 waveguides are more vulnerable to high-power irradiating light than bulk crystals, especially to lightwave with a shorter wavelength, due to the photorefractive effect (PRE) [7][8][9][10][11][12]. In addition, in both bulk and waveguide PPLN crystals, the phase-matching conditions are influenced by the temperature distribution along the optical path of the interacting wave; and high-power irradiation is apt to generate uneven temperature distribution [2, 7, 13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Noise Analysis of Second‐Harmonic Generation in Undoped and MgO‐Doped Periodically Poled Lithium Niobate

Wang

Fonseca-Campos

Liang

et al. 2008

Advances in OptoElectronics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Noise characteristics of second-harmonic generation (SHG) in periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) using the quasiphase matching (QPM) technique are analyzed experimentally. In the experiment, a0.78 μm second-harmonic (SH) wave was generated when a 1.56 μm fundamental wave passed through a PPLN crystal (bulk or waveguide). The time-domain and frequency-domain noise characteristics of the fundamental and SH waves were analyzed. By using the pump-probe method, the noise characteristics of SHG were further analyzed when a visible light (532 nm) and an infrared light (1090 nm) copropagated with the fundamental light, respectively. The noise characterizations were also investigated at different temperatures. It is found that for the bulk and waveguide PPLN crystals, the SH wave has a higher relative noise level than the corresponding fundamental wave. For the same fundamental wave, the SH wave has lower noise in a bulk crystal than in a waveguide, and in MgO-doped PPLN than in undoped PPLN. The 532 nm irradiation can lead to higher noise in PPLN than the 1090 nm irradiation. In addition, increasing temperature of device can alleviate the problem of noise in conjunction with the photorefractive effect incurred by the irradiation light. This is more significant in undoped PPLN than in MgO-doped one.

show abstract

Section: Shg With 532 Nm Irradiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noise Analysis of Second‐Harmonic Generation in Undoped and MgO‐Doped Periodically Poled Lithium Niobate

Wang

Fonseca-Campos

Liang

et al. 2008

Advances in OptoElectronics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A photovoltaic current will flow because of the noncentrosymmetric structure of the crystal. This space charge field will lead to a change of the refractive index due to the electro optical effect [52]. Photo-refraction causes a QPM wavelength shift, degradation of the SH output power and can lead to severe beam distortions.…”

Section: Limitations and Damage Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although photo-refractive effects are reduced by the poling process itself compared to single domain crystals [52], it still has a huge impact on the performance of QPM devices.…”

Section: Limitations and Damage Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blue‐green light generation using high brilliance edge emitting diode lasers

Jechow¹,

Menzel

Paschke

et al. 2010

Laser & Photonics Reviews

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A review about second harmonic generation using edge emitting diode lasers and nonlinear crystals to obtain laser radiation in the blue-green spectral range is presented. Therefore, pump laser radiation with high brightness and narrow bandwidth is necessary. Thus, this review gives an overview of the advances made with distributed feedback and Bragg reflector lasers, tapered lasers and amplifiers as well as external cavity diode lasers and master oscillator power amplifier schemes to achieve high brilliance emission. Since periodically poled materials have enabled high second harmonic conversion efficiencies with low and moderate pump powers, the review is focused on frequency doubling using those materials. The most commonly used materials, their properties and limitations are discussed briefly. Single pass and resonant SHG setups with waveguide and bulk nonlinear crystals are discussed and an emphasis on building compact and integrated devices is made. PPLN waveguide crystal pumped by a DFB laser (above). Integrated SHG device on a CCP heatsink (below).

show abstract

“…There are, however, a number of reasons to do so. High-squeezing experiments have been carried out in bulk KTP and PPKTP [3,4]; KTP has a high damage threshold, a low amount of green-induced IR absorption [19,20], low-temperature sensitivity [21,22], and no significant photorefraction damage [23]. All this makes KTP a very promising material for nonlinear optical waveguide applications.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Broadband amplitude squeezing in a periodically poled KTiOPO_4 waveguide

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We generated −2.2 dB of broadband amplitude squeezing at 1064 nm in a periodically poled KTiOPO 4 (PP-KTP) waveguide by coupling of the fundamental and second-harmonic cw fields. This is the largest amount of squeezing obtained to date in a KTP waveguide, limited by propagation losses. This result paves the way for further improvements by use of lower-loss buried ion-exchanged waveguides. © 2009 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 270.6570, 270.1670 The experimental implementation of continuousvariable (cv) quantum information [1], an ambitious and exciting endeavor requires the creation of strongly squeezed light. Squeezed light has been produced using a number of methods, but the most successful experiments to date (ranging from −9 to −10 dB of squeezing) have used optical parametric oscillators, which feature a second-order nonlinear material placed in a resonant optical cavity [2][3][4]. In such systems, intracavity losses are amplified by the resonator buildup and thus present a serious hindrance to increasing the squeezing level. It would therefore be beneficial to suppress the optical cavity by use of nonlinear optical waveguides in which the transverse field confinement yields an increase of the nonlinear efficiency that can make up for the buildup of a reasonably high finesse cavity [5,6]. If need be, some cavity modes can still be exquisitely well defined by seeding the nonlinear waveguide with an optical frequency comb [7,8]. Waveguides are ideally suited for applications, such as integrated circuits, owing to their small size [9] and could also help alleviate gain-induced diffraction, which has been seen with traveling waves in bulk crystals [10]. Moreover, removing the optical cavity yields an increase of the squeezing bandwidth by several orders of magnitude [11], which is of interest for fast quantum processing. Finally, comb-seeded waveguides are of great interest for a recently proposed method to generate massively scalable cv entanglement [12]. Over a decade ago, several experiments tried to exploit the increase in nonlinear efficiency that waveguides provide in an attempt to obtain large amounts of traveling-wave squeezing with pulsed inputs [13][14][15][16]. However, owing to propagation losses in the waveguide, these works achieved a maximum of −1.5 dB of squeezing. Recently, advances in waveguide fabrication techniques have allowed for better than −4 dB of pulsed traveling-wave squeezing in MgO-doped periodically poled LiNbO 3 (PPLN) waveguides [17]. Undoped PPLN waveguides were used to obtain squeezing and entanglement with a cw input [11]. Other media for nonlinear optical waveguides include quasi-phase-matched KTP [13], quasi-phase-matched LiTaO 3 (LT) [14], and periodically poled stoichiometric LT [18]. Although the first measurement of squeezed light from an optical waveguide was made in KTP [13], squeezing in KTP waveguides has not been explored in recent years. There are, however, a number of reasons to do so. High-squeezing experiments have been carried out in bulk KTP and PPKT...

show abstract

High intensity illumination effects in LiNbO3 and KTiOPO4 waveguides

Cited by 27 publications

References 21 publications

Noise Analysis of Second‐Harmonic Generation in Undoped and MgO‐Doped Periodically Poled Lithium Niobate

Noise Analysis of Second‐Harmonic Generation in Undoped and MgO‐Doped Periodically Poled Lithium Niobate

Blue‐green light generation using high brilliance edge emitting diode lasers

Broadband amplitude squeezing in a periodically poled KTiOPO_4 waveguide

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About