High-Intensity Interval Training Improves physical morphology, Cardiopulmonary Fitness and Metabolic Risk Indicators of Cardiovascular Disease in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

To systematically evaluate the safety and efficacy of high-intensity interval training in children and adolescents. Rationale: Eight databases were searched. Descriptive analysis of the efficacy and safety of high-intensity interval training on body shape, cardiorespiratory fitness, and metabolic risk markers for cardiovascular disease between children and adolescents.

Effects of combined training or moderate intensity continuous training during a 3-week multidisciplinary body weight reduction program on cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, and substrate oxidation rate in adolescents with obesity

“…Nevertheless, participants allocated to the COMB or MICT group received the same balanced diets formulated according to the Italian recommended dietary allowances 29 , it is very difficult to determine the extent to which the different components of the training study such as moderate energy restriction, physical exercise, nutritional education, psychological counseling and the growth process of adolescence explain the reduction in BM and FM. Since most cases of obesity in childhood and adolescence are caused by insufficient physical activity 30 , it is important to reduce BM and FM at a young age with a specific program that includes physical training combined with energy restriction in a specialized institution to (1) reduce the risk of developing obesity in adulthood 31 and (2) reduce the prevalence of obesity-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes, stroke, coronary heart disease, and cancer 32 . From a physiological perspective, COMB and MICT helped in reducing BM and FM may be due to similar improvements in skeletal muscle capacity to increase the glycogen and fatty acid content and utilization during aerobic exercise 33 , 34 which are typically impaired in obesity 24 .…”