High-Intensity Interval Training Is Associated With Alterations in Blood Biomarkers Related to Brain Injury

Battista, Alex P. Di; Moes, Katherine A.; Shiu, Maria Y.; Hutchison, Michael; Churchill, Nathan W.; Thomas, Scott; Rhind, Shawn G.

doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.01367

Cited by 33 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…MCP-1 has also been studied in the context of exercise. A single bout of HIIT exercise increased circulating MCP-1 concentrations in young men 22 whereas in another study, MCP-1 concentrations did not change after two weeks of HIIT training 23 . Two weeks of moderate intensity training in obese subjects also did not change MCP-1 concentrations 24 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Exercise intensity regulates cytokine and klotho responses in men

et al. 2021

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Background Short-term exercise training programs that consist of moderate intensity endurance training or high intensity interval training have become popular choices for healthy lifestyle modifications, with as little as two weeks of training being shown to improve cardiorespiratory fitness and whole-body glucose metabolism. An emerging concept in exercise biology is that exercise stimulates the release of cytokines and other factors into the blood that contribute to the beneficial effects of exercise on metabolism, but whether these factors behave similarly in response to moderate and high intensity short term training is not known. Here, we determined the effects of two short-term exercise training programs on the concentrations of select secreted cytokines and Klotho, a protein involved in anti-aging. Methods Healthy, sedentary men (n = 22) were randomized to moderate intensity training (MIT) or sprint intensity training (SIT) treatment groups. SIT consisted of 6 sessions over 2 weeks of 6 × 30 s all out cycle ergometer sprints with 4 min of recovery between sprints. MIT consisted of 6 sessions over 2 weeks of cycle ergometer exercise at 60% VO2peak, gradually increasing in duration from 40 to 60 min. Blood was taken before the intervention and 48 h after the last training session, and glucose uptake was measured using [18F]FDG‐PET/CT scanning. Cytokines were measured by multiplex and Klotho concentrations by ELISA. Results Both training protocols similarly increased VO2peak and decreased fat percentage and visceral fat (P < 0.05). MIT and SIT training programs both reduced the concentrations of IL-6, Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) and Leptin. Interestingly, MIT, but not SIT increased monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) concentrations, an exercise-induced cytokine, as well as Klotho concentrations. Conclusion Short-term exercise training at markedly different intensities similarly improves cardiovascular fitness but results in intensity-specific changes in cytokine responses to exercise.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Exercise intensity regulates cytokine and klotho responses in men

et al. 2021

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“…15 High intensity interval training can also lead to increased serum tau levels in the bloodstream; however, a two-week period of such training is alleged to blunt the tau release during subsequent training sessions. 16 Transient hypoxia during breath-hold diving has been associated with elevated tau levels, but a small pilot study on divers with DCS found no statistically significant elevation of tau concentration in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). 17,18 Neurofilament light protein (NfL) is a structural axonal protein which is found mainly in myelinated subcortical axons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum tau concentration after diving – an observational pilot study

et al. 2019

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Increased concentrations of tau protein are associated with medical conditions involving the central nervous system, such as Alzheimer's disease, traumatic brain injury and hypoxia. Diving, by way of an elevated ambient pressure, can affect the nervous system, however it is not known whether it causes a rise in tau protein levels in serum. A prospective observational pilot study was performed to investigate changes in tau protein concentrations in serum after diving and also determine their relationship, if any, to the amount of inert gas bubbling in the venous blood. Methods: Subjects were 10 navy divers performing one or two dives per day, increasing in depth, over four days. Maximum dive depths ranged from 52-90 metres' sea water (msw). Air or trimix (nitrogen/oxygen/helium) was used as the breathing gas and the oxygen partial pressure did not exceed 160 kPa. Blood samples taken before the first and after the last dives were analyzed. Divers were monitored for the presence of venous gas emboli (VGE) at 10 to 15 minute intervals for up to 120 minutes using precordial Doppler ultrasound. Results: Median tau protein before diving was 0.200 pg•mL-1 (range 0.100 to 1.10 pg•mL-1) and after diving was 0.450 pg•mL-1 (range 0.100 to 1.20 pg•mL-1 ; P = 0.016). Glial fibrillary acidic protein and neurofilament light protein concentrations analyzed in the same assay did not change after diving. No correlation was found between serum tau protein concentration and the amount of VGE. Conclusion: Repeated diving to between 52-90 msw is associated with a statistically significant increase in serum tau protein concentration, which could indicate neuronal stress.

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“…As highlighted in a recent systematic review, however, much of the prior blood biomarker work in SRC has been limited to relatively small sample sizes and/or did not include preseason (ie, preinjury) assessments . Moreover, recent findings that some of the proposed biomarkers for SRC are sensitive to exercise and/or exposure to minor head impacts during sport participation without frank concussion highlight the importance of appropriate control comparisons …”

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confidence: 99%

A Prospective Study of Acute Blood‐Based Biomarkers for Sport‐Related Concussion

Meier

Huber

Bohorquez‐Montoya

et al. 2020

Annals of Neurology

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Objective: Prospectively characterize changes in serum proteins following sport-related concussion and determine whether candidate biomarkers discriminate concussed athletes from controls and are associated with duration of symptoms following concussion. Methods: High school and collegiate athletes were enrolled between 2015 and 2018. Blood was collected at preinjury baseline and within 6 hours (early acute) and at 24 to 48 hours (late acute) following concussion in football players (n = 106), matched uninjured football players (n = 84), and non-contact-sport athletes (n = 50). Glial fibrillary acidic protein, ubiquitin c-terminal hydrolase-L1, S100 calcium binding protein B, alpha-II-spectrin breakdown product 150, interleukin 6, interleukin 1 receptor antagonist, and c-reactive protein were measured in serum. Linear models assessed changes in protein concentrations over time. Receiver operating curves quantified the discrimination of concussed athletes from controls. A Cox proportional hazard model determined whether proteins were associated with symptom recovery. Results: All proteins except glial fibrillary acidic protein and c-reactive protein were significantly elevated at the early acute phase postinjury relative to baseline and both control groups and discriminated concussed athletes from controls with areas under the curve of 0.68 to 0.84. The candidate biomarkers also significantly improved the discrimination of concussed athletes from noncontact controls compared to symptom severity alone. Glial fibrillary acidic protein was elevated postinjury relative to baseline in concussed athletes with a loss of consciousness or amnesia. Finally, early acute levels of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist were associated with the number of days to symptom recovery. Interpretation: Brain injury and inflammatory proteins show promise as objective diagnostic biomarkers for sportrelated concussion, and inflammatory markers may provide prognostic value.

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High-Intensity Interval Training Is Associated With Alterations in Blood Biomarkers Related to Brain Injury

Cited by 33 publications

References 71 publications

Exercise intensity regulates cytokine and klotho responses in men

Exercise intensity regulates cytokine and klotho responses in men

Serum tau concentration after diving – an observational pilot study

A Prospective Study of Acute Blood‐Based Biomarkers for Sport‐Related Concussion

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