High-intensity interval training lowers blood pressure and improves apelin and NOx plasma levels in older treated hypertensive individuals

Abstract

Hypertension is the major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and is one of the primary causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Apelin levels and NO bioavailability are impaired in older hypertensive patients. Exercise is an effective intervention for treating hypertension. Our purpose was to evaluate the effect of high-intensity interval training on blood pressure, apelin, and NOx plasma levels in older treated hypertensive individuals. Thirty treated hypertensive subjects (61.70 ± 5.78 years, 17 males, 13 females) were randomly divided into 6 weeks of high-intensity interval training (n = 15) and control (n = 15). The exercise training was conducted for three 35-min sessions a week (1.5-min interval at 85-90% of heart rate reserve [HRR] and 2 min active phase at 50-55% of HRR). Assessment of plasma apelin, nitrite/nitrate (NOx), and endothelin-1 (ET-1) was performed before and after the intervention. At the end of the study, apelin, and NOx plasma levels increased significantly in the high-intensity interval training (HIIT) group (P = 0.021, P = 0.003, respectively). Conversely, ET-1 plasma levels significantly decreased in the training group after the intervention (P = 0.015). Moreover, there was a positive correlation between the change of plasma apelin and change of plasma NOx (r = 0. 771, P = 0.0008). In addition, there was a negative correlation between the change of plasma ET-1, change of plasma apelin (r = - 0.595, P = 0.019), and variation of NOx (r = - 0.572, P = 0.025). This study indicates that, by increasing of apelin and NOx plasma levels, HIIT may be effective in reducing blood pressure.

The Physiological, Physical, and Biomechanical Demands of Walking Football: Implications for Exercise Prescription and Future Research in Older Adults

“…Football is intermittent in nature, and as such, the flux of the anaerobic and aerobic energy systems will be in constant change, mimicking that of high intensity interval training (HIIT) protocols. In older adults, HIIT has been shown to improve metabolic (Søgaard et al, 2018) and cardiovascular health (Izadi, Ghardashi Afousi, Asvadi Fard, & Babaee Bigi, 2018), as well as muscle mitochondrial content (Wyckelsma et al, 2017). However, high dropout rates have been observed during HIIT programmes (Reljic et al, 2019).…”

Improved brachial artery shear patterns and increased flow‐mediated dilatation after low‐volume high‐intensity interval training in type 2 diabetes

“…Cardiorespiratory fitness in patients with T2D is lower compared to their counterparts without diabetes even in the absence of often accompanying CVD (Regensteiner, Sippel, McFarling, Wolfel, & Hiatt, ). Previous work has shown that HIIT training was more efficient than traditional exercise training in improving cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in people with chronic disease (Izadi et al., ; Wisløff et al., ). The low CRF in patients with T2D is an important predictive factor for cardiovascular mortality.…”

“…Therefore, higher-intensity exercise is effective in improving vascular function. In addition, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) was found to be superior to moderate-intensity continuous exercise in improving health parameters in patients with cardiovascular problems (Currie, Dubberley, McKelive, & MacDonald, 2013;Izadi, Afousi, Fard, & Bigi, 2018;Molmen-Hansen et al, 2012).…”

“…Therefore, higher‐intensity exercise is effective in improving vascular function. In addition, high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) was found to be superior to moderate‐intensity continuous exercise in improving health parameters in patients with cardiovascular problems (Currie, Dubberley, McKelive, & MacDonald, ; Izadi, Afousi, Fard, & Bigi, ; Molmen‐Hansen et al., ). However, different HIIT protocols (in terms of intensity, stage duration, nature of the recovery and the number of intervals) may have different effects in patients with T2D.…”

A szívbetegek rehabilitációjának sportos arca

“…A kezelt, 61 év körüli hypertoniás betegek hathetes HIIT-edzése (90 mp 90%-os pulzustartalékkal -120 mp aktív pihenő, heti 3 × 35 percben) növelte az apelin és a NOx szintjét, míg az endothelin-1 csökkent. Ez az edzés okozta vérnyomáscsökkenés mechanizmusának része lehet [27].…”