High-intensity interval training modulates inflammatory response in Parkinson’s disease

Abstract

Background Recent discoveries show that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) can bring many positive effects such as decreases in fat tissue, lower blood sugar levels, improved learning and memory, and lower risk of cardiac disease. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of the dopaminergic neurons, accompanied by chronic inflammation and neuroinflammation. Previous research shows that interval training can bring a beneficial effect on the inflammation and neuroplasticity in PD. Objectives The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of HIIT on the inflammation levels and antioxidant capacity in the serum of PD patients. Methods Twenty-eight people diagnosed with PD were enrolled in this study. Fifteen PD patients performed 12 weeks of HIIT on a cycloergometer. Thirteen non-exercised PD patients constitute the control group. Concentrations of inflammation markers and antioxidants’ capacity in the serum were measured at 3 sampling points (a week before, a week after, and 3 months after the HIIT). Results Twelve weeks of HIIT decreases the level of TNF-α (p = 0.034) and increases the level of IL-10 (p = 0.024). Those changes were accompanied by a decreased level of neutrophils (p = 0.03), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (p = 0.048) and neutrophil/monocyte ratio (p = 0.0049) with increases in superoxide dismutase levels (p = 0.04). Conclusions Twelve weeks of HIIT can decrease systemic inflammation in PD patients and improve the antioxidant capacity in their serum, which can slow down the progression of the disease.

Efficacy of high-intensity interval and continuous endurance trainings on cecal microbiota metabolites and inflammatory factors in diabetic rats induced by high-fat diet

“…For example, performing 8 weeks of HIIT has led to a significant decrease in the serum concentration of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and chemerin, and improved body composition and insulin resistance in obese women [ 61 ]. Also, regular HIIT has been shown to reduce TNF-α levels and slow down the progression of Parkinson’s disease by improving serum antioxidant capacity [ 62 ]. In another study, endurance exercise in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) caused a significant decrease in the serum levels of fatty acids, ceramides, expression of TNF-α, IL-18, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1γ (MIP-1γ) [ 63 ].…”

Effects and Mechanisms of Exercise on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Levels and Clinical Outcomes in People with Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…Sacheli [ 69 ] showed that three months of aerobic cycle training increased ventral striatal dopamine release proportional to fitness improvements in patients with mild-to-moderate PD. Malczynska and colleagues [ 70 ] showed that, in PD, three months of high-intensity interval training exercise increased the synthesis of anti-inflammatory cytokines. The emerging neuroscience evidence described above hints that exercise therapy induces complex adaptive neuroplasticity changes in cortical and basal ganglia circuitries [ 21 , 22 , 71 , 72 , 73 ]…”

“…Sacheli [69] showed that three months of aerobic cycle training increased ventral striatal dopamine release proportional to fitness improvements in patients with mild-to-moderate PD. Malczynska and colleagues [70] showed that, in PD, three months of high-intensity interval training exercise increased the synthesis of anti-inflammatory cytokines. The emerging neuroscience evidence described above hints that exercise therapy induces complex adaptive neuroplasticity changes in cortical and basal ganglia circuitries [21,22,[71][72][73] Some authors of the trials included in the present meta-analysis provided vague rationales for BDNF mechanisms (Table 3), including release of intracellular BDNF, secondary to HIIT-associated muscle injuries [54], and exercise-induced, transient hypoxia [53], while no mechanistic explanation was provided by Dicagno et al [51], Frazzitta et al [52], and Freidle et al [55].…”

The interactive effect of seven weeks aerobic exercise training and piperine against paraquat-induced lung damage in male Wistar rats: Investigating role of oxidative and inflammatory indices

“…Another study investigated the effects of aerobic exercise training on patients with Parkinson's disease. They noticed that 12 weeks of aerobic exercise training markedly alleviated TNF-α and IL-6 while enhancing IL-10 and IL-10/TNF-α ratio in the serum of patients with Parkinson's disease [ 30 ].…”