High-Intensity Interval vs. Continuous Endurance Training: Preventive Effects on Hormonal Changes and Physiological Adaptations in Prediabetes Patients

Abstract

Safarimosavi, S, Mohebbi, H, and Rohani, H. High-intensity interval vs. continuous endurance training: Preventive effects on hormonal changes and physiological adaptations in prediabetes patients. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2018-The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a 12-week high-intensity interval training (HIIT) intervention, or an isocaloric continuous endurance training (CET) intervention on insulin resistance indices and change in irisin and preptin in patients with prediabetes. Thirty-two prediabetic male patients (age = 38.7 ± 4; body mass index = 26.9 ± 1.4 kg·m; and V[Combining Dot Above]O2peak = 2.49 ± 0.22 L·min) were randomly assigned into 3 training groups (N = 8). These groups were matched based on the required energy expenditure (EE) for completing each protocol: (a) HIIT (10 × 60 seconds at 90% peak oxygen uptake [V[Combining Dot Above]O2peak], 1: 1 work to recovery at 50 W), (b) CET at an intensity equivalent to maximal fat oxidation (Fatmax) (CETFAT) (pedaling for a duration that expends an equivalent EE to an HIIT session [E ≈ HIIT]), (c) CET at an intensity equivalent to anaerobic threshold (CETAT) (E ≈ HIIT), and (d) the control group (CON): continued to perform their daily activities. After intervention, blood glucose levels were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in the HIIT group compared with CETAT group. Exercise training improved the insulin resistance index by 35, 28, and 37% in CETFAT, CETAT, and HIIT groups, respectively. Irisin concentrations in the HIIT and CETAT groups was significantly (p < 0.05) decreased compared with the pre-training values. Also, HIIT and CETFAT resulted in significant (p < 0.05) changes in preptin concentration compared with baseline. This study demonstrated that both HIIT and CETFAT protocols had similar effects on the insulin resistance index of prediabetic patients. Also, the intensity and type of exercise were effective factors in changing irisin and preptin concentrations.

Effects of exercise training on serum preptin, undercarboxylated osteocalcin and high molecular weight adiponectin in adults with metabolic syndrome

“…The major findings of the current study were a significant decrease in preptin and a significant increase respectively, compared to CON, suggesting that the mechanisms of effect for hormonal alterations (i.e. preptin) are different depending on the volume and intensity of training (Safarimosavi et al, 2018). Hence, both HIIT and CETFAT regimens could be effective exercise protocols depending on the priority of specific physiological requirements (Safarimosavi et al, 2018).…”

“…preptin) are different depending on the volume and intensity of training (Safarimosavi et al, 2018). Hence, both HIIT and CETFAT regimens could be effective exercise protocols depending on the priority of specific physiological requirements (Safarimosavi et al, 2018). Furthermore, we found that there was a positive correlation between preptin and HOMA-IR, body mass and BMI.…”

“…There are some reports concerning the effect of exercise training on preptin and ucOCN. For example, serum levels of preptin were decreased significantly after both high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and continuous endurance training at an intensity equivalent to maximal fat oxidation (CETFAT) in prediabetic patients (Safarimosavi, Mohebbi, & Rohani, 2018); conversely, serum ucOCN levels were raised significantly after either an acute bout of aerobic exercise (Levinger et al, 2011(Levinger et al, , 2014 or a period of endurance exercise training (Kim et al, 2015;Mera et al, 2016), and this ucOCN increase was perceived to be correlated with heightened insulin sensitivity (Kim et al, 2015;Levinger et al, 2011Levinger et al, , 2014Mera et al, 2016).…”

Supervised Short-term High-intensity Training on Plasma Irisin Concentrations in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

“…A recent study of animals revealed a significantly higher increase in irisin after HIT when compared to CMT following an 8-week intervention; an effect that was ascribed to the higher reduction of cellular energy charge and ATP levels during HIT [35]. However, in patients with prediabetes (38.6 ± 4.5 years), Safarimosavi et al showed decreased irisin concentrations after both a 12-week HIT intervention and a CMT intervention with intervals performed at an exercise intensity of 90 % VO 2peak [31]. Overall, therefore, there is discrepancy in the literature in the direction of observed changes in irisin levels following exercise training.…”

“…Duration may be just one of them. Reductions in body mass and fat mass, that typically occur when exercise is performed over a longer period of time, are expected to accompany reductions in circulating irisin levels [28,31], as irisin can be released not solely from muscle tissue but also from adipose tissue [29]. However, it should be noted that skeletal muscle is the primary source for circulating irisin and only a small part (~28 %) is released by adipose tissue [29].…”