High-Intensity Warm-Up Increases Anaerobic Energy Contribution during 100-m Sprint

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of warm-up intensity on energetic contribution and performance during a 100-m sprint. Ten young male sprinters performed 100-m sprints following both a high-intensity warm-up (HIW) and a low-intensity warm-up (LIW). Both the HIW and LIW were included in common baseline warm-ups and interventional warm-ups (eight 60-m runs, HIW; 60 to 95%, LIW; 40% alone). Blood lactate concentration [La−], time trial, and oxygen uptake (VO2) were measured. The different energy system contribution was calculated by using physiological variables. [La-]Max following HIW was significantly higher than in LIW (11.86 ± 2.52 vs. 9.24 ± 1.61 mmol·L−1; p < 0.01, respectively). The 100-m sprint time trial was not significantly different between HIW and LIW (11.83 ± 0.57 vs. 12.10 ± 0.63 s; p > 0.05, respectively). The relative (%) phosphagen system contribution was higher in the HIW compared to the LIW (70 vs. 61%; p < 0.01, respectively). These results indicate that an HIW increases phosphagen and glycolytic system contributions as compared to an LIW for the 100-m sprint. Furthermore, an HIW prior to short-term intense exercise has no effect on a 100-m sprint time trial; however, it tends to improve times (decreased 100-m time trial; −0.27 s in HIW vs. LIW).

Metabolic Energy Contributions During High-Intensity Hatha Yoga and Physiological Comparisons Between Active and Passive (Savasana) Recovery

“…Regarding the energetic contribution, a predominant utilization of W Oxi in kJ and % (81.9%) was found and was dominant over W PCR , W Gly , and the entire anaerobic system (W PCR + W Gly ). These results were influenced by the duration of HIHY (10 min) and decreased the contribution provided by the glycolytic energy system (Heck et al, 2003;Yang et al, 2020;Park et al, 2021). To obtain a maximal lactate production rate, 10 s exercise duration was suggested because the contribution of the glycolytic system (accumulated lactate rate) decreases with increasing duration of maximal exercise, due to inhibition of phosphofructokinase activity (Heck et al, 2003).…”

“…The difference in La − ( La − ) was calculated as the lactate concentration after HIHY, minus the lactate concentration at rest. The oxidative energy (W Oxi ) was estimated by subtracting VO 2rest from VO 2 during HIHY by the trapezoidal method in which areas under the curve were divided into sections and then the sum of each trapezoid was used to estimate the integral (Campos et al, 2012;Yang et al, 2018;Park et al, 2021). The value of VO 2rest was determined in the standing position from the average of the last 30 s of a 5 min period (Campos et al, 2012).…”

“…The caloric quotient of 20.92 kJ was utilized in all three energy systems (Gastin, 2001). The total energy demand was estimated as the sum of the three energy systems (W PCR + W Gly + W Oxi ) (di Prampero and Ferretti, 1999; de Campos Mello et al, 2009;Campos et al, 2012;Yang et al, 2018;Park et al, 2021).…”

Recent Progress in Applicability of Exercise Immunology and Inflammation Research to Sports Nutrition

“…Anaerobic or high-intensity exercise is a type of intense short-term activity that lasts less than 2 min. During short-term activity, immediate energy supply is needed, while body synthesizes ATP/energy very quickly using a phosphagen system and provides maximal power for an acute burst of activity [33]. Because the lactic acid and phosphagen systems use it for energy, skeletal muscle glycogen is essential in this action.…”

Investigation of the Effect of Neuromuscular Fatigue Created with Repetitive Counter Movement Jump Model on Drop Jump Performance in Adolescent Basketball Players: Experimental Study

“…17 Anaerobik enerji sisteminin kısa süreli ve yoğun şiddetteki aksiyonlarda aktif olduğu düşünüldüğünde, tekrarlı olarak gerçekleştirilecek olan sıçrama hareketlerinin organizmada bir yorgunluk durumu oluşturması beklenen bir durumdur. 18 Bu paralelde Esformes ve ark., tek seferde ve 70 sn boyunca gerçekleştirilen pliometrik sıçrama serisinin yüksek seviyede metabolik yorgunluk oluşumuna yol açtığını bildirmiştir. 19 Gathercole ve ark.…”