High Internal Phase Emulsion Ring‐Opening Polymerization of Pentadecanolide: Strategy to Obtain Porous Scaffolds in a Single Step

Sharma, Enakshi K.; Samanta, Archana; Pal, Jit; Bahga, Supreet Singh; Nandan, Bhanu; Srivastava, Rajiv K.

doi:10.1002/macp.201600117

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…ROP of cyclic monomers within HIPEs has met with limited success. Pentadecanolide, a lactone monomer, was polymerized in a w/o HIPE by using a water-soluble enzyme catalyst, Lipase TL . While the monomer was in the external phase, the ROP occurred at the interface since the catalyst was located in the internal phase, with both the rate and the degree of polymerization increasing with increasing catalyst concentration.…”

Section: Polymerization Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Emulsion Templating: Porous Polymers and Beyond

et al. 2019

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Emulsion templating presently extends far beyond the original hydrophobic porous polymers that were synthesized within surfactant-stabilized water-in-oil high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) by using free radical polymerization. This Perspective presents the extraordinary versatility of emulsion templating that has emerged with the growing numbers of HIPE systems, HIPE stabilization strategies, monomers, polymerization chemistries, multicomponent materials, and surface functionalities. Emulsion templating now goes far beyond "porous polymers" by encompassing the encapsulation of aqueous solutions, ionic melts, and organic liquids as well as by encompassing porous carbons and porous inorganics. Herein, we present comprehensive pictures of the state-of-the-art, of the prospective large-scale and niche applications, of the advantages and challenges for industrial scale-up, and of the crucial directions that should be pursued in future work. We demonstrate that it is emulsion templating's considerable and versatile parameter space that offers opportunities for pioneering work, breakthrough innovations, scientific/engineering achievements, and industrial adoption.

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Section: Polymerization Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Emulsion Templating: Porous Polymers and Beyond

et al. 2019

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“…Development of PolyHIPEs by ring-opening polymerisation (ROP) of cyclic monomers is a relatively new route of polymerisation HIPEs. ε-caprolactone and L-lactide are the most widely used monomers in this approach (Pérez-García et al, 2016;Sharma et al, 2016;García-Landeros et al, 2019;Utroša et al, 2019;Yadav et al, 2019). One of the most important advantages of this technique is the elimination of diluting solvents from the emulsion composition due to the low viscosity of the cyclic monomers.…”

Section: Ring-opening Polymerisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basic Principles of Emulsion Templating and Its Use as an Emerging Manufacturing Method of Tissue Engineering Scaffolds

Dikici

Claeyssens

2020

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

101

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Tissue engineering (TE) aims to regenerate critical size defects, which cannot heal naturally, by using highly porous matrices called TE scaffolds made of biocompatible and biodegradable materials. There are various manufacturing techniques commonly used to fabricate TE scaffolds. However, in most cases, they do not provide materials with a highly interconnected pore design. Thus, emulsion templating is a promising and convenient route for the fabrication of matrices with up to 99% porosity and high interconnectivity. These matrices have been used for various application areas for decades. Although this polymer structuring technique is older than TE itself, the use of polymerised internal phase emulsions (PolyHIPEs) in TE is relatively new compared to other scaffold manufacturing techniques. It is likely because it requires a multidisciplinary background including materials science, chemistry and TE although producing emulsion templated scaffolds is practically simple. To date, a number of excellent reviews on emulsion templating have been published by the pioneers in this field in order to explain the chemistry behind this technique and potential areas of use of the emulsion templated structures. This particular review focusses on the key points of how emulsion templated scaffolds can be fabricated for different TE applications. Accordingly, we first explain the basics of emulsion templating and characteristics of PolyHIPE scaffolds. Then, we discuss the role of each ingredient in the emulsion and the impact of the compositional changes and process conditions on the characteristics of PolyHIPEs. Afterward, current fabrication methods of biocompatible PolyHIPE scaffolds and polymerisation routes are detailed, and the functionalisation strategies that can be used to improve the biological activity of PolyHIPE scaffolds are discussed. Finally, the applications of PolyHIPEs on soft and hard TE as well as in vitro models and drug delivery in the literature are summarised.

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“…An already reported strategy of using enzyme catalyzed ROP for the synthesis of poly(pentadecanolide) scaffolds using w/o HIPE templates also did not work for CL. 95 HIPE templating for CL, therefore, required the use of a non-aqueous emulsion where such issues could be resolved. Few studies have recently been reported where the synthesis of PCL scaffolds (neat, blend or crosslinked) was performed using nonaqueous HIPE templates comprising hydrophobic liquids such as olefins or silicone oil as the dispersed phase.…”

Section: Non-aqueous Hipe Templatesmentioning

confidence: 99%