High-k erbium oxide film prepared by sol-gel method for low-voltage thin-film transistor

Wang, Guandong; Liu, Daiming; Fan, Shuangqing; Li, Zhaoyang; Su, Jie

doi:10.1088/1361-6528/abe439

Cited by 54 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Tests of the groundwater samples showed that the pH value of all groundwater samples was greater than seven, making the groundwater alkaline [37][38][39][40]. The pH value of the strongest alkaline groundwater samples reached 11.52, and 74% of the groundwater samples showed a pH value of over 9 (Figure 7).…”

Section: Analysis and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Exploratory Research on Drainage Structure of Highway Tunnel Based on Reducing the Risk of Crystallization Blockage

et al. 2022

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Crystal blockages of tunnel drainage systems severely undermine the tunnel lining structure and operation safety. In order to reduce the risk of crystal blockages of tunnel drainage systems, the distribution of highway tunnel defects was identified through a field survey, indoor test, and literature analysis, and an optimization method of tunnel drainage structures was proposed. The research suggested the following: (1) Lining water leakage and construction joint water leakage were the most common defects in the tunnel drainage system of Renhua–Xinfeng Expressway and Yingde–Huaiji Expressway in Guangdong Province, accounting for 60% and 32% of total defects, respectively. The number of defects that occurred in the drainage system of the tunnel was larger in the granite formation, with the number of road seepage and inspection chamber crystallization incidents reaching 2.5/km and 2.8/km, respectively. (2) The groundwater was mainly alkaline with a pH value of 8~12, Ca2+ (107 mg/L) was the cation with the largest ion concentration, and HCO3− (165 mg/L) was the anion with the largest ion concentration. The crystals in the tunnel drainage system were predominantly square, spindle, and rhombic calcite and aragonite composed of CaCO3, mixed with a small amount of sediment. (3) To reduce the risk of crystal blockages of the tunnel drainage system and ensure tunnel lining structure safety, a threefold optimization measure was proposed, namely, setting one-directional drainage pipes between the cable trench and the roadside blind drainage ditch, applying “π” type anti-crystallization drainage water-stop belts at the circular construction joints in the secondary lining, and both increasing the slope of the transverse drainage pipe and using an anti-crystallization drainage pipe. The research results will play an important role in guiding the design, construction, and maintenance of highway tunnel drainage systems in China.

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Section: Analysis and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Exploratory Research on Drainage Structure of Highway Tunnel Based on Reducing the Risk of Crystallization Blockage

et al. 2022

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“…Further, in high operating voltages, the reaction rates increase, and with a large amount of product water, the cell is prone to flooding phenomenon. 26–33 The flooding in PEM fuel cells increases the transport resistance of the reactants to the active sites causing performance deterioration, energy losses, and reduction in the durability of the materials. 34 Flooding in gas channels of PEMFCs has been studied experimentally and numerically with in-situ and ex-situ visualizations by transparent channels and single/multi-phase one/two/three-dimensional steady-state mathematical models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of cathode-side gas flow channels section geometry on the removal process of liquid slug in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Abdollahi

Jafarmadar

Jabbary

et al. 2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E:

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In low operating temperatures, provided water of Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) is discharged in the state of tiny/large droplets, slugs, and semi-slugs, which strongly depends on the flow channels' characteristics. In this study, the discharge capabilities of channels with different height-to-width aspect ratios are inspected using a transient two-phase numerical simulation. The numerical model includes a segment of the gas channel on the cathode side, and the operating conditions are those related to an actual fuel cell application. Results showed that channels with minimum height could lift the initial slug to the upper part 2.16 times faster and immediately form film flow at the corners. For a fixed width, decreasing channel height from 1.5 mm to 0.5 mm, results in 38.3% faster discharge time and a 62.3% increment in the clearance rate of the gas-diffusion layer. For higher channels, the combined effect of shear stress, gravity, and the adhesive forces of hydrophilic walls cannot lift the initial slug continuously and causes it to rupture, distort, and partially spread over the Gas-diffusion layer (GDL) surface, which leads to mass transport limitation for the cell. Furthermore, when the channel width decreases from 1.5 mm to 0.5 mm for a fixed height, the initial slug leaves the computational domain 51.1% faster. Overall, it was found that the smaller dimensions for height and width show superior cell performance regarding faster water removal, clearer GDL surface, and more uniform flow distribution over the entire electrochemical active area. A channel with a cross-section dimension of 0.5 mm × 0.5 mm is suggested as the best channel design among the analyzed cases for maximum efficiency for the cathode-side flow fields of a PEMFC.

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“…For this reason, researchers used a two-phase process to separate the sulfate reduction process from the methane production process to eliminate the impact of SRB on MPB, which makes the process complicated and expensive. With the in-depth research on SRB and the development of anaerobic reactors, researchers and engineers are increasingly interested in using some modern new high-efficiency anaerobic reactors to treat high-sulfate wastewater [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Comparison of EGSB and IC Reactors for Treating High-Salt Fatty Acid Organic Production Wastewater

Jeong

Lai

et al. 2022

Processes

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This study used the EGSB and IC reactors to treat the high-salt and high-concentration organic wastewater (high-salt fatty acid production wastewater) and compared their performances The experimental results showed that the optimal influent water quality thresholds for both bioreactors to treat this wastewater were a COD concentration of 18,000 mg/L and a sulfate ion concentration of about 8000 mg/L. The reactor operated well when C/S was greater than 2.8. In addition, the value of C/S should not be less than 1.5. This is due to that under this condition, the sulfate reduction process has a significant impact on the removal of COD, and MPB may be inhibited by sulfides. The organic load OLR should not be greater than 10 kgCOD/(m3·d). It was also found that the start-up time of the IC reactor with external circulation was slightly shorter, and the COD removal effect, gas production rate, and load tolerance were slightly better than those of the EGSB reactor, the best reflux ratio of the two reactors was 6:1. The appropriate rising flow rate was 0.4 m/h.

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High-k erbium oxide film prepared by sol-gel method for low-voltage thin-film transistor

Cited by 54 publications

References 40 publications

Exploratory Research on Drainage Structure of Highway Tunnel Based on Reducing the Risk of Crystallization Blockage

Exploratory Research on Drainage Structure of Highway Tunnel Based on Reducing the Risk of Crystallization Blockage

Effect of cathode-side gas flow channels section geometry on the removal process of liquid slug in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Performance Comparison of EGSB and IC Reactors for Treating High-Salt Fatty Acid Organic Production Wastewater

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