High‐latitude topside ionospheric vertical electron density profile changes in response to large magnetic storms

Benson, Robert F.; Fainberg, J.; Osherovich, V. A.; Truhlík, Vladimír; Wang, Yongli; Bilitza, D.; Fung, S. F.

doi:10.1002/2015rs005882

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In the paper [13], application of ionospheric Reverse Satellite Transionospheric Sounding: Advantages and Prospects DOI: http://dx.doi.org /10.5772/intechopen.80240 topside-sounding results to magnetospheric physics and astrophysics is presented. From the latest publications, it is possible to specify the study of behavior of highlatitude N(h)-profiles during strong magnetic storms with use of huge database of digital topside ionograms [14]. It is underlined in [4] that the interest in the modification and the use of TIS has increased recently in connection with the need to monitor the polar region.…”

Section: Introduction: a Brief Review Of Existing Methods Of Transionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reverse Satellite Transionospheric Sounding: Advantages and Prospects

Ivanov¹,

Maltseva²,

Sotskii³

et al. 2019

Satellite Information Classification and Interpretation

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This chapter includes four sections. The first introduction section provides a brief review of the existing methods of transionospheric sounding and the results obtained, and the shortcomings of each are noted. The second section describes the proposed principle based on the installation of a receiver on the GLONASS platform. The advantages and technical characteristics of the proposed system are justified. The main area of use is the polar region. The third section presents the most modern modeling methods and models used. To calculate the propagation of radio waves, this is a method of ray tracing taking into account the large-and small-scale inhomogeneities of the ionosphere. To describe the state of the ionosphere, it is proposed to use the IRI2016 model, which includes adaptation to the current diagnostic data provided by ground ionosondes, and the IRI-Plas model, which not only can be adapted to ground ionosonde data, but also to values of the total electronic content, the measurement of which is an additional advantage of the proposed system. The fourth sectionincludes areas of application, the main of which is the monitoring of the polar region, and the least provided with ionospheric information.

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Section: Introduction: a Brief Review Of Existing Methods Of Transionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reverse Satellite Transionospheric Sounding: Advantages and Prospects

Ivanov¹,

Maltseva²,

Sotskii³

et al. 2019

Satellite Information Classification and Interpretation

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show abstract

“…An extension of our present study will be to carry out ionospheric simulations for these cases, especially since well-defined interplanetary magnetic field information is available. In their study, Benson et al (2016) used a different approach than that used in the present study. Rather than comparing two polar cap satellite passes, one before and one during a storm, they compared profiles that were representatives of groups of profiles collected in the same small region of space for a given storm over several days before, during, and after the storm.…”

Section: 1029/2018rs006589mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Norton (1969) attributes the storm effect to the enhanced loss rate for O + , which is our item 2, listed above. Benson et al (2016) studied 10 large geomagnetic storms, using topside sounder EDPs from several of the ISIS program satellites. They suggested that some of the large storm-induced topside Ne profile changes observed at high latitudes could be related to changes in specific solar wind parameters.…”

Section: 1029/2018rs006589mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The emphasis of this study, however, was the overall morphology and not the specific outflow or topside model validation. Benson et al (2016) motivated by a magnetospheric study of Osherovich et al (2007) that showed electron density enhancements observed by the Imager for Magnetopause-to-Aurora Global Exploration satellite near its 8 R E apogee with fluctuations that were correlated with solar wind variations and the work of Tu et al (2007) that showed the enhancements extended down to 4 R E extended this research to lower altitudes using high-latitude topside sounder data from the International Satellites for Ionospheric Studies (ISIS) program. Their results based on 10 major geomagnetic storms identified day/night differences in response as well as suggested correlations with solar wind parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polar Topside Ionosphere During Geomagnetic Storms: Comparison of ISIS‐II With TDIM

et al. 2018

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Space weather deposits energy into the high polar latitudes, primarily via Joule heating that is associated with the Poynting flux electromagnetic energy flow between the magnetosphere and ionosphere. One way to observe this energy flow is to look at the ionospheric electron density profile (EDP), especially that of the topside. The altitude location of the ionospheric peak provides additional information on the net field-aligned vertical transport at high latitudes. To date, there have been few studies in which physics-based ionospheric model storm simulations have been compared with topside EDPs. A rich database of high-latitude topside ionograms obtained from polar orbiting satellites of the International Satellites for Ionospheric Studies (ISIS) program exists but has not been utilized in comparisons with physics-based models. Of specific importance is that the Alouette/ISIS topside EDPs spanned the timeframe from 1962 to 1983, a period that experienced very large geomagnetic storms. We use a physics-based ionospheric model, the Utah State University Time Dependent Ionospheric Model (TDIM), to simulate ionospheric EDPs for quiet and storm high-latitude passes of ISIS-II for two geomagnetic storms. This initial study finds that under quiet conditions there is good agreement between model and observations. During disturbed conditions, however, a large difference is seen between model and observations. The model limitation is probably associated with the inability of its topside boundary to replicate strong outflow conditions. As a result, modeling of the ionospheric outflows needs to be extended well into the magnetosphere, thereby moving the upper boundary much higher and requiring the use of polar wind models.The special issue of the monthly Proceedings of Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in June 1969 provided an extensive overview of a technique for observing the topside ionosphere, the satellite-borne topside sounder (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1969). Chan and Colin (1969) reviewed and summarized the global electron density distributions from topside soundings, while Warren (1969) reviewed the topside ionospheric response to geomagnetic storms. A brief report by Norton (1969) in this particular issue of proceedings of IEEE proposed that in order to explain the midlatitude morning springtime topside SOJKA ET AL. 906Key Points:• The paper focuses on prestorm and main phase topside ionospheric response to a mild and a severe geomagnetic storm • Simulations from an extensively used F region model, TDIM, are compared to ISIS-II topside ionosphere observations • Surprisingly, the TDIM is unable to simulate the observed storm response while satisfactorily simulating the prestorm topsideCorrespondence to:

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“…The large ISIS‐II digital topside ionogram database, indicated in Figure b, has enabled a variety of scientific investigations. For example, efficient search procedures were used to identify fixed‐frequency ionograms recorded during specific geomagnetic conditions to support a theoretical interpretation of a sounder‐stimulated plasma resonance that has remained a mystery for decades, that is, the resonance at the electron gyrofrequency (Muldrew, ); the large ISIS‐II digital topside ionogram database, and the large topside N e (h) database indicated in Figure a, enabled changes in high‐latitude N e (h) stimulated by large magnetic storms to be compared with changes in solar‐wind parameters (Benson et al, ); and the large TOPIST N e (h) database was used, together with higher‐altitude N e field‐aligned profiles obtained by the Radio Plasma Imager on the IMAGE satellite, to improve the empirical IRI model in the topside ionosphere and to extend it into the plasmasphere (Reinisch et al, ).…”

Section: Topist‐processed Isis‐ii Topside Ne(h)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing the ISIS‐I Topside Digital Ionogram Database

et al. 2018

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Selected original analog telemetry tapes from three of the topside‐sounder satellites of the International Satellites for Ionospheric Studies (ISIS) program, namely Alouette 2, ISIS I, and ISIS II, were used in an earlier project to produce more than ½ million digital topside ionograms; the resulting digital topside ionograms from ISIS II were used to produce more than 86,000 globally distributed vertical topside ionospheric electron density profiles Ne(h) that cover a time span of more than a solar cycle. These Ne(h) were produced using the Topside Ionogram Scaler with True height algorithm auto‐scaling software. Before attempting to automatically process Alouette‐2 or ISIS‐I ionograms, a data‐enhancement project was initiated so as to increase the number of ionograms suitable for manual scaling and to increase the auto‐processing success rate. These enhancements were mainly to correct problems that often occurred during the analog‐to‐digital conversion of the original telemetry tapes. Here we illustrate the improvements made to the ISIS‐I digital topside ionograms and compare Ne values at the satellite altitude and Ne(h) profiles, based on the manual scaling of selected ionograms, to both the auto‐scaled values and the predictions of the International Reference Ionosphere 2016 model. The results indicate the need to improve the available auto‐processing software for the new ISIS‐I digital ionograms and that International Reference Ionosphere 2016 predicts midlatitude winter topside Ne values that are too high in the late morning and at noon but too low in the early morning.

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High‐latitude topside ionospheric vertical electron density profile changes in response to large magnetic storms

Cited by 5 publications

References 29 publications

Reverse Satellite Transionospheric Sounding: Advantages and Prospects

Reverse Satellite Transionospheric Sounding: Advantages and Prospects

Polar Topside Ionosphere During Geomagnetic Storms: Comparison of ISIS‐II With TDIM

Enhancing the ISIS‐I Topside Digital Ionogram Database

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