Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) constitute a family of at least 20 structurally related heparin-binding polypeptides active in regulating cell growth, survival, differentiation and migration. FGF9, originally discovered as a glia-activating factor, shares 30% sequence identity with other FGFs and has a unique spectrum of target-cell speci®city. FGF9 crystallized in the tetragonal space group I4 1 , with unit-cell parameters a = b = 151.9, c = 117.2 A Ê . The structure of the glycosylated protein has been re®ned to an R value of 21.0% with R free = 24.8%) at 2.6 A Ê resolution. The four molecules in the asymmetric unit are arranged in two non-crystallographic dimers, with the dimer interface composed partly of residues from N-and C-terminal extensions from the FGF core structure. Most of the receptor-binding residues identi®ed in FGF1± and FGF2±receptor complexes are buried in the dimer interface, with the 8± 9 loop stabilized in a particular conformation by an intramolecular hydrogen-bonding network. The potential heparin-binding sites are in a pattern distinct from FGF1 and FGF2. The carbohydrate moiety attached at Asn79 has no structural in¯uence.