High level fluoroquinolone resistance in Escherichia coli isolatedfrom animals in Turkey is due to multiple mechanisms

Abstract

2. Materials and methods 2.1. Strains and susceptibility testing Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was used to determine the genetic relatedness of 58 E. coli isolates from cattle, goats, sheep, cats, and dogs. Twenty different RAPD patterns were observed among these isolates and one representative isolate was chosen from each pattern based on resistance genotype.

Occurrence and characterization of ciprofloxacin‐resistantEscherichia colifrom bovine and ovine bulk tank milk samples in Turkey

“…Of note, 76.9% of the Cip R E. coli isolates displayed high‐level MIC values (≥32 μg/ml) for ciprofloxacin, which is reasonable because of the initial selection of colonies around the ciprofloxacin disk. In the current study, MDR among Cip R E. coli strains was 76.9%, which was similar to the results observed in a study performed in Turkey (a rate of 75%; Şahintürk et al, 2016) and in England (88%; Gosling, Clouting, Randall, Horton, & Davies, 2012). The rate of levofloxacin resistance was 29.7% among Cip R E. coli isolates, while the majority of strains were resistant to the remaining quinolone antibiotics tested.…”

“…Additionally, this is also consistent with the findings in human clinical practice in France (24/507; 4.7%; Muggeo et al, 2020), in Korea (10.7%; Kim et al, 2020), and in Taiwan (14.9%; Kao et al, 2016). Conversely, there are also studies reporting much higher detection rate (100%) of PMQR traits among fluoroquinolone resistant E. coli isolates from food producing animals in Turkey (Şahintürk et al, 2016) and in 82.3% of E. coli isolates of swine origin in China (Wu et al, 2019). Additionally, a recent resistance monitoring study of ESBL producing E. coli isolated from BTM samples in Turkey has also identified PMQR genes ( qnrS1 being the most frequent and qnrB19 ) at a rate of 35.7% with low‐level resistance to ciprofloxacin (MIC of ≤0.25 μg/ml) (Kürekci et al, 2019).…”

“…Rather, the analysis of raw bulk tank (RBT) milk samples was recommended as efficient and reasonable monitoring of public health hazards in terms of the spread of foodborne zoonotic diseases and of antimicrobial resistance (Dell'Orco et al, 2019). Even though there have been studies describing the presence of quinolone resistant E. coli in food producing animals as well as their molecular mechanisms (Cengiz et al, 2012; Şahintürk et al, 2016), to date, information on the occurrence of quinolone resistant E. coli in RBT milk samples in Turkey is very limited. Hence, the objectives of this study were (a) to obtain a first insight into the prevalence of Cip R E. coli in RBT milk samples; (b) to examine the antimicrobial resistance and molecular mechanisms of resistance; and (c) to determine the genetic lineages using the pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).…”

In vitro pharmacodynamics of a danofloxacin plus colistin combination against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli isolated from animals

“…Multidrug resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli (E.coli) is important for public health due to high risk for the treatment of infectious diseases at available dosage regimens. 1 To combat with MDR E.coli is one of the most challenging problems in infectious diseases. 2 In cases involving a lack of effective agents, antimicrobial combinations can be used for the treatment of infectious diseases causing by resistant strains.2 For instance, polymyxins induce rapid changes in the permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane of Gram-negative bacilli, thereby other antimicrobial agents can enter into the cell.…”

Investigation of extended-spectrum β-lactamase resistance in antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli

“…coli' de GSBL direncinden sorumlu genlerden biri olan blaSHV geni moleküler yöntemlerle araştırıldı ve bu gen hiç bir izolatta tespit edilemedi. Şahintürk ve ark 20. yapılan araştırmada kullanılan ve çoklu ilaç direnç (Multidrug Resistance: MDR) fenotipi gösteren E. coli izolatları ile aynı klonlarda yer alan ve bu araştırmada kullanılan E. coli izolatlarında GSBL varlığının çok düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir.…”