High Level of Resistance to nalidixic acid in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi in Central India

Kumar, Yashwant; Sharma, Anshu; Mani, Kavaratty Raju

doi:10.3855/jidc.419

Cited by 24 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…So antibiotics must be used very judiciously to lower the development of multidrug resistance Salmonella serotpyes.) Antibiotic sensitivity pattern in present study correlates with the observation of Kumar et al, 22 who reported Ciprofloxacin sensitive Salmonella isolates. The results in present study are at par with the results reported by Chao et al, 23 who reported increased resistance of Salmonella Typhimurium strains to Doxycycline, Colistin, Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and Cephalothin.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Prevalence of Salmonella Spp. On Exterior and Interior of Fertile Eggs from Vaccinated Breeding Hens of Different Breeds

Agrawal¹

2016

JDVAR

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Present study included 48 laying hens (40-60weeks of age) from twelve each of four breeds of poultry viz. Vanaraja, Gramapriya, Black Rock and Kalinga Brown reared under optimum management condition at Government Poultry Farm, Durg (Chhattisgarh). These AbstractAim: To study prevalence and distribution of Salmonella serotypes on exterior and interior of fertile eggs from four different breeds of poultry and to assess the antibiotic drug resistant pattern of isolates. Material and Methods:Egg samples were taken on random basis from exterior and interior of eggs from four different breeds of poultry viz. Vanaraja, Gramapriya, Black Rock and Kalinga Brown reared at govt. Poultry Farm, Durg (CG). Samples were processed for isolation of Salmonella spp. using selective enrichment media (Rappaport Vassiliadis Medium) and differential media (MacConkey Lactose Agar) and selective media (Brilliant Green Agar). Isolates were identified by standard biochemical tests and characterized by serotyping using antisera specific for O and H antigen. Each of the isolates was tested for their sensitivity to different antibiotics using disc diffusion method. Results:Breed wise cultural prevalence of Salmonella serotypes was highest (41%) in Vanaraja and Gramapriya followed by 33% in Kalinga Brown and 25% in BlackRock. Out of 17 total isolates, 16 were recorded as S. Enteritidis and one as S. Typhimurium. Antibiogram of most prevalent Salmonella isolates on the farm revealed that Ciprofloxacin and Enrofloxacin was most effective (100% sensitive) followed by Chloramphenicol (64% sensitive) while all isolates showed resistance to Amoxicillin and Cephalexin. hens were vaccinated with Salmonella polyvalent vaccine inactivated (Venky's). Twelve eggs from each flock were selected during normal hatching and samples from exterior and interior of eggs were collected on random basis. Conclusion Isolation of Salmonella from eggsThe standard methodology 10 was used for isolation and identification of Salmonella from exterior surface as well as inner contents of eggs. Egg swabs were taken from the surface of each egg by dipping a sterile swab in normal saline and then swabbing over the surface of egg. The swabs were then dipped in a separate tube containing 5 ml RVM.Each of the eggs was broken and a drop of egg yolk pipette out to inoculate in RVM for selective enrichment. After incubation for 24hr, tubes showing turbidity were separated and loop full of growth was further streaked on MLA, incubated at 37 o C for 24hr. Lactose fermenting (pink colonies) and non lactose fermenting (colourless colonies) organisms were identified. The Salmonella suspected non lactose fermenting colonies were picked up and streaked on BGA. The plates were incubated at 37 o C for 24hr. The isolated single colony appeared pink on BGA. A pure culture on nutrient agar slants was preserved at 4 0 C till further processing. Identification and characterization of Salmonella isolatesAll the isolates suspected as Salmonella spp. were further identified on the basis of Gram sta...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Prevalence of Salmonella Spp. On Exterior and Interior of Fertile Eggs from Vaccinated Breeding Hens of Different Breeds

Agrawal¹

2016

JDVAR

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“…Variable isolation rate of NAR strains from 2.3% to 96% has been documented. 3,17 Similar findings have been reported from neighbouring regions as Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal and other countries. 9,[18][19][20] In the present study high isolation rate of NARST 97.5% in comparison to earlier studies was seen.…”

Section: -15supporting

confidence: 77%

“…3,16 Nalidixic acid resistance is a surrogate marker to detect decreased ciprofloxacin susceptibility. Variable isolation rate of NAR strains from 2.3% to 96% has been documented.…”

Section: -15mentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased resistance to Nalidixic acid and Ciprofloxacin in Salmonella isolates from the Sub Himalayan region

et al. 2017

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Background: During the last two decades, increased resistance to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin has become a cause of global concern. The present study was undertaken to ascertain nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance in Salmonella isolates from our region. To know the true pattern of ciprofloxacin resistance by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) through E-test.Methods: All the Salmonella isolates recovered from blood cultures were screened for nalidixic acid resistance using 30µg disc by the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Ciprofloxacin susceptibility was done both by disc diffusion and MIC using CLSI breakpoints.Results: We analysed a total of 80 Salmonella isolates during the last three years. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi was the predominant serovar in 51 (64.8%) isolates, followed by Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A comprising 28 (36.2%) isolates. Amongst the total isolates 78 (97.5%) were nalidixic acid resistant. Of these 54 (67.5%) showed intermediate susceptibility and 9 (11.2%) were ciprofloxacin resistant by the disc diffusion technique. On the contrary 29 (36.2%) had decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin; while a larger number 38 (47.5%) were detected resistant to ciprofloxacin on determination of MIC by the E-test.Conclusions: Screening for nalidixic acid acts as a surrogate marker to detect ciprofloxacin resistance. However, the true pattern of ciprofloxacin resistance can be determined by calculating the MIC by the E-test.

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“…In the present scenario of fluoroquinolone resistance and the increasing number of reports on the re-emergence of susceptibility to old drugs in the central west part of India, the findings presented here may be of immense importance to aid health authorities to rationalize the policy of empirical treatment of typhoid fever. Furthermore, the return to the use of these drugs includes advantages such as their availability in the developing world, their lower cost and their wellestablished clinical efficacy [36]. It should be noted that the risk of relapse and the development of a carrier state have been found to be higher among patients treated with ampicillin than those treated with chloramphenicol [37,38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Re-emergence of susceptibility to conventionally used drugs among strains of Salmonella Typhi in central west India

Kumar

Sharma

Mani

2011

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Typhoid fever (enteric fever) is a global health problem causing high morbidity and mortality, especially in endemic areas such as India. The problem is exacerbated as the causative agent, Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi), rapidly develops resistance to drugs used in treatment. However, non-responsiveness of S. Typhi to quinolones has been reported simultaneously with the re-emergence of susceptibility to chloramphenicol. The present study investigates the re-emergence of sensitivity to conventionally used drugs among strains of S. Typhi in the central west part of India. Methodology: We evaluated 128 S. Typhi isolates received at the National Salmonella and Escherichia Centre for chloramphenicol, ampicillin and trimethoprim susceptibility using standard methods. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were also evaluated. Results: The proportion of S. Typhi isolates showing susceptibility to chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and trimethoprim was 95.3%, 94.5%, and 94.5%, respectively. These findings may help the health authorities in reconsidering the addition of these antimicrobial drugs into the treatment regime of typhoid fever and therefore may help combat the problem of increasing resistance to quinolones and cephalosporins. Conclusion: The changing trends of S. Typhi resistance patterns necessitate reconsideration of conventionally used drugs in typhoid fever treatment in India. In the present study, S. Typhi strains exhibited increased susceptibility toward chloramphenicol, ampicillin and trimethoprim, therefore suggesting the possibility of their use for treatment of typhoid fever.

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High Level of Resistance to nalidixic acid in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi in Central India

Cited by 24 publications

References 13 publications

Prevalence of Salmonella Spp. On Exterior and Interior of Fertile Eggs from Vaccinated Breeding Hens of Different Breeds

Prevalence of Salmonella Spp. On Exterior and Interior of Fertile Eggs from Vaccinated Breeding Hens of Different Breeds

Increased resistance to Nalidixic acid and Ciprofloxacin in Salmonella isolates from the Sub Himalayan region

Re-emergence of susceptibility to conventionally used drugs among strains of Salmonella Typhi in central west India

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