High-level plasmid-mediated gentamicin resistance and pheromone response of plasmids present in clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecalis

Shiojima, Masayuki; Tomita, Haruyoshi; Tanimoto, Koichi; Fujimoto, Shuhei; Ike, Yasuyoshi

doi:10.1128/aac.41.3.702

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Our group has reported nosocomial infections caused by high‐level gentamicin‐resistant E. faecalis strains in our hospital in 1998 . We described inter‐ward transmission of enterococcal strains and found that pheromone‐responsive plasmids played a role in dissemination . After notification of the risk of nosocomial infection caused by non‐VRE strains, standard precautions must be followed more strictly; the staff in our university hospital have therefore been thoroughly educated concerning infection control.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nosocomial infection caused by vancomycin‐susceptible multidrug‐resistant Enterococcus faecalis over a long period in a university hospital in Japan

Kudo¹,

Nomura²,

Yomoda³

et al. 2014

Microbiology and Immunology

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Compared with other developed countries, vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are not widespread in clinical environments in Japan. There have been no VRE outbreaks and only a few VRE strains have sporadically been isolated in our university hospital in Gunma, Japan. To examine the drug susceptibility of Enterococcus faecalis and nosocomial infection caused by non-VRE strains, a retrospective surveillance was conducted in our university hospital. Molecular epidemiological analyses were performed on 1711 E. faecalis clinical isolates collected in our hospital over a 6-year period [1998][1999][2000][2001][2002][2003]. Of these isolates, 1241 (72.5%) were antibiotic resistant and 881 (51.5%) were resistant to two or more drugs. The incidence of multidrug resistant E. faecalis (MDR-Ef) isolates in the intensive care unit increased after enlargement and restructuring of the hospital. The major group of MDR-Ef strains consisted of 209 isolates (12.2%) resistant to the five drug combination tetracycline/erythromycin/kanamycin/streptomycin/gentamicin. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis of the major MDR-Ef isolates showed that nosocomial infections have been caused by MDR-Ef over a long period (more than 3 years). Multilocus sequence typing showed that these strains were mainly grouped into ST16 (CC58) or ST64 (CC8). Mating experiments suggested that the drug resistances were encoded on two conjugative transposons (integrative conjugative elements), one encoded tetracycline-resistance and the other erythromycin/kanamycin/streptomycin/gentamicinresistance. To our knowledge, this is the first report of nosocomial infection caused by vancomycinsusceptible MDR-Ef strains over a long period in Japan.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nosocomial infection caused by vancomycin‐susceptible multidrug‐resistant Enterococcus faecalis over a long period in a university hospital in Japan

Kudo¹,

Nomura²,

Yomoda³

et al. 2014

Microbiology and Immunology

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“…The frequency of resistance to therapeutic antimicrobial agents, such as ampicillin, erythromycin, streptomycin or tetracycline, that has been observed in Japanese clinical isolates of E. faecium and E. faecalis (Tabe and Igari 1995; Kimura et al . 1996; Shiojima et al . 1997) is as high as that seen in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial susceptibilities of enterococci isolated from faeces of broiler and layer chickens

Yoshimura

Ishimaru

Endoh

et al. 2000

Lett Appl Microbiol

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Enterococci were isolated from faecal droppings of chickens in broiler and layer farms and the susceptibilities to nine therapeutic antimicrobial agents and six growth‐promoting antibiotics were determined by the agar dilution method. Resistance to therapeutic antimicrobial agents such as ampicillin, clindamycin, erythromycin, streptomycin, tetracycline or tylosin was more frequent in enterococcal isolates from broiler farms than in those from layer farms. Resistance to ofloxacin was rare, occurring in only one (0·7%) of the Enterococcus faecium isolates from broiler farms. Resistance to growth‐promoting antibiotics such as avilamycin, salinomycin and virginiamycin was common among isolates from broiler farms. Of the E. faecium isolates from broiler farms, 12·4% were resistant to avilamycin and 27·4% were resistant to virginiamycin. Resistance to salinomycin was detected in all enterococcal species, ranging from 12·4% of E. faecium isolates to 50% of E. hirae isolates.

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“…23,24,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] This situation is complicated by the fairly common trait of transferable drug resistance within the two enterococcal species, which may confer resistance especially the acquired resistance phenotypes (Van A & B) to glycopeptides (VRE) are transferable by conjugation. 15 The importance of VRE in nosocomial disease, therefore, cannot be disregarded. Although E. faecalis seems to have a greater pathogenic potential than E. faecium, the association of either of these species with food may not be considered desirable.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enterococcal Isolates From Raw Milk and Dairy Products in Riyadh Region and Their Susceptibility to Common Antibiotics

Nasser¹,

El-Kersh

Mejally

2004

Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Assiut

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A total of 100 samples of raw milk, various cheeses, labnah, yogurt, and egett were collected from appropriate suppliers and markets in Riyadh region. Bacteriological analysis for typing of enterococci and other lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) was carried out by plating appropriate dilutions of each sample on sheep blood agar and Edwards blood agar plates. After overnight aerobic incubation at 37°, the presumptive identification was done by colony morphology, cultural characteristics, Gram-stain and catalase production. Final identification to the genera and species level of the total 125 bacterial isolates was completed by API-20 strips as well as Lancefield-serogrouping. Results revealed that Enterococcus faecium (88 isolates) accounts of 70% of total bacterial isolates, while Enterococcus faecalis (26 isolates) accounts of up to 21% and other LAB constituted about 9% of total recovered isolates. The later isolates comprises 3, 3, and 5 isolates of Enterococcus gallinarum, Enterococcus durans, and Aerococcus viridans respectively.The results revealed that nature of sample, its pH, and salinity clearly affect the incidence and number of recovered bacterial isolates. Thus as pH rises towards neutrality, with no salt or low salinity, E. faecalis and other LAB were recovered more frequently, and vice versa. In contrast, E. faecium was routinely isolated from most of the examined samples regardless of their pH range and salinity-content, reflecting its ubiquitous nature and its tolerance to drastic environmental conditions, thereby facilitating person to person transmission. The dominance or persistence of enterococci in examined samples is most probably attributed to their wide range of growth temperatures, their tolerance to heat, salt and acid.In addition, the MIC of each of the tested 120 isolates was determined by serial dilution in Muller Hinton sheep blood agar against 9 antibiotics. All isolates were sensitive to ampicilin with the exception of one E. faecalis strain that showed an MIC of 4 ug/ml. While Erythromycin (EM) exhibited also a good activity with an MIC50/MIC90 of 1/1, 1/4, 2/8 and 4/4 ug/ml. for E. gallinarum, E. faecalis, E. faecium, and E. durans or Aerococcus viridans isolates respectively. Whereas all isolates were resistant to cefoxitin and about 50% were also resistant to Chloramphenicol (CM), Tetracycline (TC), or Trimethoprim / Sulfamethoxazole (SXT). Thus at the breakpoint of MIC (>16 ug/ml.) (TC) resistance rate for E. faecalis was 16% and for E. faecium and E. gallinarum was 35% and 100% respectively. Whereas that for vancomycin (VM) the figures were 44%, 19% and 100% respectively. It is concluded that the examined samples may constitute a potential source for the dissemination of antibiotic resistant determinants to human.

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High-level plasmid-mediated gentamicin resistance and pheromone response of plasmids present in clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecalis

Cited by 26 publications

References 42 publications

Nosocomial infection caused by vancomycin‐susceptible multidrug‐resistant Enterococcus faecalis over a long period in a university hospital in Japan

Nosocomial infection caused by vancomycin‐susceptible multidrug‐resistant Enterococcus faecalis over a long period in a university hospital in Japan

Antimicrobial susceptibilities of enterococci isolated from faeces of broiler and layer chickens

Enterococcal Isolates From Raw Milk and Dairy Products in Riyadh Region and Their Susceptibility to Common Antibiotics

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